African Music Styles
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Questions and Answers

What is Rumba primarily characterized by?

  • Syncopated rhythms and political messages
  • Fast-paced movements and energy
  • Structured choreography and symmetry
  • Sensuality and flirtation (correct)

Which dance style was popularized in the 1950s in Rio de Janeiro?

  • Cha Cha Cha (correct)
  • Reggae
  • Paso Doble
  • Rumba

What does the term 'bossa' in Bossa Nova represent?

  • Slow rhythm
  • New trend (correct)
  • Traditional dance
  • Folk style

What is the primary social theme expressed in Reggae music?

<p>Social protest and political commentary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of the Balafon?

<p>It is a wooden xylophone with melodic tunes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is most commonly associated with imitating speech patterns?

<p>Talking drum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which setting did the Paso Doble originally feature?

<p>Bullfights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which musical genre has roots in the African-American communities of New Orleans?

<p>Jazz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material is commonly used to cover the Djembe?

<p>Goat skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following instruments combines features of both a lute and a harp?

<p>Kora (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is noted as an important figure in the development of Bossa Nova?

<p>Antonio Carlos Jobim (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Adungu primarily known for?

<p>Being played by plucking with the fingers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes the music of Reggae?

<p>Strong syncopated rhythms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is a type of aerophone?

<p>Nyanga (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the uses of the Talking drum?

<p>Communicating messages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Kudu closely related to?

<p>Vuvuzela (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criteria is not included in the rubric for the short musical presentation?

<p>Dancing technique (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of Salsa music?

<p>New York City (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Samba is primarily associated with which cultural celebration?

<p>Carnival (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Soca music originated in which country?

<p>Trinidad and Tobago (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Brazilian Zouk?

<p>Upper body movements led out of axis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cumbia dance music is of which national origin?

<p>Colombian (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following dance genres has its roots in the late 19th century Buenos Aires?

<p>Tango (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Soca stand for?

<p>Soul of Calypso (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of African music?

<p>It often involves polyrhythms and complex rhythmic patterns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following styles is NOT a West African music style?

<p>Reggae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is traditional African music primarily transmitted?

<p>Orally from generation to generation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of Afro-Latin music helps deepen understanding of its cultural significance?

<p>Listening to songs and conducting research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does music play in traditional African culture?

<p>It serves multiple social functions such as rituals, work, and communication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Afro-Latin musical style was developed in the late 1930s from Yoruba people?

<p>Apala (Akpala) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is commonly associated with the improvisational practices in Afro-Latin music?

<p>Creating spontaneous vocal or instrumental accompaniments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant aspect of evaluating music performances in Afro-Latin genres?

<p>Using knowledge of musical elements and styles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What musical elements primarily characterize disco music?

<p>Funk, soul, and salsa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'disco' derive from?

<p>French for library of phonograph records (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following performers is associated with disco hits?

<p>ABBA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines alternative music in relation to mainstream music?

<p>It often has unorthodox vocals and unusual structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which decade did alternative music gain widespread popularity?

<p>1990s (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of alternative music?

<p>Follows predictable song lengths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which band is associated with the genre of alternative music?

<p>Naked and Famous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does alternative music prioritize that distinguishes it from commercial genres?

<p>Eclectic and original approaches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the original meaning of the term 'ballad'?

<p>A song meant for dancing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artist is referred to as the 'King of Rock and Roll'?

<p>Elvis Presley (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following descriptions best defines pop music?

<p>Commercially oriented music appealing to a wide audience (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following artists is NOT mentioned as a pop superstar?

<p>Taylor Swift (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which musical genres influenced the development of rock and roll?

<p>Country music and gospel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following songs is associated with Frank Sinatra?

<p>Strangers in the Night (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is typically NOT associated with rock and roll music?

<p>Cello (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which song is a known hit by Elton John?

<p>Skyline Pigeon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which band is described as the most famous and successful in the world?

<p>The Beatles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes pop music according to the content?

<p>Easily remembered tunes and strong melodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Afro-Latin Music

A genre of music that blends African and Latin American musical styles.

Polyrhythm

A musical texture where different rhythms are played simultaneously.

Oral Transmission

Passing down music from one generation to the next without writing it down.

African Music Styles

Various musical traditions in Africa, including jazz, highlife, and Afrobeat.

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Apala

A musical genre from Nigeria, particularly Yoruba people.

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Musical Elements

The components that contribute to a piece of music.

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Music Performance Evaluation

Assessing music using the knowledge of musical elements and styles.

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Afrobeat

A genre of music that combines funk rhythms with African percussion.

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Balafon

A West African wooden xylophone with 16-27 keys, played by a professional musician.

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Djembe

A single-headed goblet drum played with bare hands, popular in Africa for its range of pitches.

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Talking drum

A respected drum from Southern Nigeria that can imitate speech, used for warnings and announcements.

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Kora

A long-necked harp lute with 21 strings, played by plucking, combining lute and harp features.

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Adungu

African harp known for its striking beauty and decoration.

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Kudu

Ancestor of the vuvuzela, a buzzing South African horn.

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Nyanga

African pan pipe, played by blowing, singing, and dancing, creating complex music.

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African Musical Instruments

Variety of instruments comprising Balafon, Djembe, Talking drum, Kora, Adungu, Kudu, and Nyanga playing unique melodic, rhythmic, and percussive patterns.

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Salsa Music

A popular dance music genre that originated in New York City in the 1960s, blending various Cuban styles.

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Samba

A Brazilian music genre and dance style with African roots and influenced by American music. It's associated with Rio's Carnival.

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Soca Music

A Trinidadian music genre, a type of Calypso with Latin and Cadence influences.

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Zouk

A sensual partner dance popular in the French Caribbean, sometimes referred to as Brazilian Zouk.

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Cumbia

A Colombian dance music genre, similar to Salsa, using guitar, accordions, bass, and percussion.

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Tango

A fascinating dance from Buenos Aires, characterized by gliding steps and abrupt pauses.

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African Folk Song "Tina Singu"

An African folk song that students are expected to perform with singing and choreography.

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Musical Performance Rubric

Criteria for evaluating a musical performance, including tone, pitch, rhythm, choreography, expression, and style.

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Rumba Dance

A sensual, romantic Cuban dance style, often used for flirtation.

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Bossa Nova Music

A Brazilian music style popularized in the 1950s, known for its smooth rhythms.

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Cha Cha Cha Dance

An energetic dance style, similar to Mambo, characterized by small fast steps and hip movements.

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Reggae Music

A type of Caribbean music that originated in Jamaica, often expressing social or political messages.

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Paso Doble Dance

A Spanish dance style in duple meter, often used to dramatize bullfighting movements.

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Jazz Music

A music genre from African-American communities in New Orleans, known for its improvisational nature.

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Popular Ballroom Dance

A type of social dance popular in European ballrooms.

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Sentimental and Popular Song

A song that tells a story in a short stanza, with simple words and repetition.

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Ballad Music

A popular song that has been admired for several decades, commonly played by musicians or bands.

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Rock and Roll

A blend of country, rhythm and blues, jazz, and gospel played with electric instruments.

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Pop Music Definition

Commercially successful music that's appealing to a broad audience, often incorporating catchy melodies and rhythm.

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Rock and Roll Origin

Developed in the United States from African roots in the late 1940s-1950s.

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Popular Ballads

Songs that stay popular over a substantial amount of time and are regularly played by musicians.

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Pop Music Characteristics

Good rhythm, catchy melodies, enjoyable enough for the mainstream.

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Rock and Roll Characteristics

A style of music merging various genres (country, blues, jazz, etc.), using electric instruments.

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Popular Pop Singers

A list of some of the prominent figures that helped shape the path of Pop music.

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Beatles

The most successful band ever.

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Ballad Origin

The term 'ballad' and its musical form were derived from French musical genres.

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Disco Music

A 1970s dance music genre combining funk, soul, and salsa elements. Often features strings, horns, guitars, and synthesizers.

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Discotheque

French for "record library"; a place where disco music was popular.

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Alternative Music

A genre of music that stands out from mainstream rock and pop. It's more unique and experimental with unusual structures, vocals, and sometimes shorter/longer guidelines.

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1970s Music

Popular music styles of the 1970s era which include disco, funk, soul, pop.

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1990s Music

Popular music styles prominent around 1990s. Includes alternative rock as a key element.

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ABBA

A popular 1970s band whose music influenced the disco genre.

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Bee Gees

A recognized 1970s band, known for their influence in the disco genre.

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Popular Music

Music styles are prevalent in a certain time period that influence popular culture and people.

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Study Notes

African Music Styles

  • African music is a tradition primarily played at gatherings and special events.
  • It comprises complex rhythmic patterns frequently featuring one rhythm against another to create polyrhythms.
  • Music is often used in work, religious ceremonies, and conversation.
  • African music is typically passed down orally through generations, rather than being written.

Styles of African Music

  • Highlife/Afrobeat: Combines West African styles like Yoruba music, jazz, funk rhythms, and African percussion.

  • Apala: A Nigerian musical style developed in the late 1930s and often played during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan; influenced by Cuban music. Instruments include rattles, thumb pianos, bells.

  • Axe: A popular style combining Afro-Caribbean styles (marcha, reggae, calypso), originating in Brazil. It draws from Yoruba religious greetings. Features quick, fast rhythms played on drums accompanied by guitar.

  • Jive: A lively and uninhibited variation of the Jitterbug (a swing dance), originating in the US in the 1930s.

  • Juju: Derived from Yoruba percussion in Nigeria, characterized by African talking drums (agogo, sekere, omelet), alongside guitars, bass, keyboards, and drums.

  • Kwassa: A dance style developed in Zaire in the 1980s–90s, with hand movements accompanying hip movements.

  • Marabi: A 1920s keyboard style similar to American ragtime and blues, characterized by repeated harmonic patterns and simple chords.

Maracatu

  • An ancient Brazilian carnival tradition from Pernambuco.
  • It's rooted in the sugar plantations where African slaves formed brotherhoods to maintain their culture and heritage.
  • It's performed by a drum ensemble, singers, chorus, and dancers.
  • The music combines strong percussive rhythms of African origin and Portuguese melodies.

Blues

  • A musical style emerging in the late 19th century, often associated with melancholy or sadness.
  • Characteristics include 4/4 time signature, emphasis on the "shuffle beat" (off beat), single lyric lines repeated, and a 12-bar structure.

Soul

  • A popular music genre from the late 1950s/early 1960s.
  • Characteristics include: strong beat, emphasis on singing, call-and-response, improvisation, and use of auxiliary sounds.
  • Prominent artists include Marvin Gaye and Stevie Wonder.

Spirituals

  • Religious folk songs of African American origin, drawing from King James Bible translations.
  • Developed by African slaves.
  • Often monophonic (single melodic line) and performed a cappella (without instrumental accompaniment).
  • Notable singers include Deva Premal, Steven Halpern, and Paul Robson.

Call and Response

  • A music style involving a soloist or instrumentalist leading followed by a chorus response.
  • Many different musical forms and genres include call and response elements.

Musical Instruments

  • Idiophones: Instruments created from rattles or beads.
  • Balafon: Wooden xylophone (West African).
  • Shekere: Beaded hollow gourd or calabash.
  • Agbe: Large beaded calabash.
  • Membranophones: Drums.
  • Djembe: Played with bare hands.
  • Talking Drum: A type of drum in Southern Nigeria that imitates speech patterns.
  • Chordophones: Include harps and lutes.
  • Adungu: African harp.
  • Kora: Long-necked harp.
  • Aerophones: Wind instruments., including pan pipes.
  • Nyanga: An African pan pipe.
  • Kudu: An ancestor of the vuvuzela, reminiscent of the Jewish ritual horn.
  • Salsa: A Cuban-derived dance music, initially popularized in New York City in the 1960s. Has a product of Cuban musical genres like the son montuno, guaracha, cha cha chá, mambo and an extent the Puerto Rican plena and bomba.
  • Samba: A Brazilian music genre and dance style rooted in Africa and influenced by American orchestras. Known as the dance of joy in Rio's Carnival celebrations.
  • Soca: A music genre from Trinidad and Tobago, an offshoot of Kaiso/Calypso (influence from Latin music).
  • Zouk: A sensual partner dance developed in the French Caribbean, known as Brazilian Zouk.
  • Cumbia: A Colombian dance-music style that combines elements of guitar, accordions, bass guitar, and percussion. Often a courtship dance performed in the street by pairs.
  • Tango: An Argentinian dance in a duple meter with characteristic gliding steps and abrupt pauses.
  • Bossa Nova: A Brazilian music style popularized in the 1950s in Rio de Janeiro, characterized by small, fast steps and swaying hip movements. Antonio Carlos Jobim is a key figure in the style.
  • Reggae: A popular Caribbean genre originating in Jamaica in the 1960s often expressing news, social protest, and political comment. Features strong syncopated rhythms blending with blues, calypso, and rock-n-roll.
  • Paso Doble: A Spanish folk dance involving two-step movements and used in bullfighting processions.
  • Jazz: A genre originating in African American communities in New Orleans.
  • Rock and Roll: Combines elements of country, rhythm and blues, jazz, and gospel music. Played on electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, piano, and keyboards. Key figure is Elvis Presley.
  • Pop Music: Commercially oriented and appealing to wide audiences. Often has catchy melodies, strong rhythms, and is easy to sing along to.
  • Disco: A dance music style from the 1970s that combines funk, soul, pop, and salsa influences. Typically accompanied by strings, piano, or synthesizers.

Additional Notes

  • There is a mini-task in the document that requires you to listen to a Louis Armstrong song.
  • A rubric for a musical presentation.
  • The provided text also includes information on who is considered popular R&B singers.

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