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Questions and Answers
What factor contributed to the rise of new states in Africa between 300-1450?
The growth of agricultural populations and trade in high-value commodities
What was an important consequence of the introduction of Islam to Africa?
The development of madrasas, literacy, and state bureaucracies
What was the significance of the trans-Saharan trade for Africa?
It integrated Africa into the Mediterranean world, Europe, and the Middle East
What led to the emergence of powerful states in West Africa during the 17th and 18th centuries?
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How did local rulers in Central Africa respond to the increasing demand for slaves?
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What was the consequence of the changing circumstances for older polities in Central Africa?
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Study Notes
Emergence of Complex Systems in Africa (300-1450)
- Agricultural populations grew, leading to the rise of new states and trade in high-value commodities.
- The introduction of Islam by Arab merchants led to the development of madrasas, literacy, and state bureaucracies.
- The trans-Saharan trade integrated Africa into the Mediterranean world, Europe, and the Middle East.
Rise of Trade-Oriented States (14th-20th centuries)
- Swahili city-states emerged along the East African coast, exemplifying the changes in trade and society.
- The coastal people of West Africa became central players in the transatlantic trade, founding powerful states:
- Oyo Empire (17th-18th centuries)
- Kingdom of Dahomey (17th-19th centuries)
- Asante Kingdom (18th-early 20th centuries)
Central Africa and the Transatlantic Trade
- Local rulers rebuilt old trade roads and created new ones to meet European and Arab merchants' demands for slaves.
- The Kingdom of Kongo (14th-18th centuries) initially profited from contact with the Portuguese, but later declined due to:
- Afro-Portuguese merchants circumventing the kingdom's monopoly over coastal trade by relocating to remote areas (e.g., Luanda)
- Increasing dependence on trade with the Portuguese
- New competitors emerged in the central portion of the southern savanna belt in Central Africa, including:
- Luba Empire (16th-19th centuries)
- Lunda Empires (17th-19th centuries), which put further pressure on the Kingdom of Kongo
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Description
Explore the complex political systems, social structures, and cultural groups that emerged in Africa from 300-1450, including the introduction of Islam and the trans-Saharan trade.
