African Colonialism and Social Issues

Questions and Answers

What was a major contributor to unrest in Nigeria?

its many ethnicities and religions

When military leaders and dictators ruled Nigeria, what was one method they used to prevent unrest?

prohibiting all criticism of the government

What were most African colonies' economies dependent on?

one or two crops

Why did Europeans ignore cultural divisions when setting colonial boundaries?

Europeans had no interest in or concern for African cultural divisions Signup and view all the answers

How did European nations benefit from African colonies?

labor and resources Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of very little investment in education in African colonies?

had few leaders with government experience Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely reason Europe did not invest in education in its African colonies?

Educated citizens would be harder to control Signup and view all the answers

The majority ethnic group in Rwanda is ____.

Hutu Signup and view all the answers

Why did corruption increase when opposition political parties were banned in Ghana?

Nkrumah's government held too much power, and officials could do whatever they wanted Signup and view all the answers

What can one conclude about the link between falling cacao crop prices and rising economic problems in Ghana?

The country was too dependent on exports of its cacao crop Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of pan-Africanism?

to unite people of African descent around the world Signup and view all the answers

Overwhelming challenges made it difficult for ______ governments to stay in power in Africa.

democratic Signup and view all the answers

What was the first step in Ghana's independence?

Africans gained a majority in the parliament Signup and view all the answers

How did Jomo Kenyatta cause discontent during his rule in Kenya?

exhibiting favoritism toward the Kikuyu people Signup and view all the answers

What challenges does South Africa face today as a democracy? (Check all that apply)

Unequal access to transportation and technology Signup and view all the answers

How did the movement against apartheid in South Africa evolve?

was non-violent at first but became militant Signup and view all the answers

How did Nelson Mandela expand his anti-government activities in the 1960s?

He created a division dedicated to sabotage Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Sharpeville demonstration of 1960?

the deaths of sixty-nine people Signup and view all the answers

What was the founding purpose of the African National Congress?

to unite non-white South Africans and further their cause Signup and view all the answers

In which location did a significant student uprising occur in South Africa?

Soweto Signup and view all the answers

As a result of the 1960 Sharpeville demonstration, _____ began to believe that only armed rebellion would bring an end to apartheid.

Nelson Mandela Signup and view all the answers

What type of pressure did the United States and Europe put on South Africa?

sanctions Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Nelson Mandela after he returned to South Africa from Algeria in 1964?

arrested and imprisoned Signup and view all the answers

Which list correctly orders events in the rise and fall of apartheid in South Africa?

The Population Registration Act was signed. The Soweto Uprising sparked more protests. Frederik W. de Klerk brought about reforms. Nelson Mandela became the nation's president. Signup and view all the answers

How did the international community respond to South Africa's policies in the 1980s?

by refusing to buy South African goods Signup and view all the answers

South Africa became a democracy when a new constitution was written in _____.

1994 Signup and view all the answers

In the early 1900s, what system did European settlers in South Africa create?

a system of segregation that split society Signup and view all the answers

What type of government did European settlers create in South Africa in 1909?

a parliamentary government that excluded many citizens Signup and view all the answers

What did South Africa's Population Registration Act of 1950 create?

a race-based classification system Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Unrest in Nigeria

Nigeria's social unrest stems from its diverse ethnicities and religions.
Military dictators often suppressed dissent by prohibiting criticism of the government.

Colonial Economics and Education

Most African colonies had economies reliant on one or two crops.
European colonial powers disregarded African cultural divisions, focusing instead on resource extraction.
European nations profited from the labor and resources of African colonies.
Limited investment in education led to a scarcity of experienced government leaders.
Lack of education investment was likely due to fears that educated citizens would be more difficult to control.

Rwandan Ethnic Composition

The predominant ethnic group in Rwanda is the Hutu.

Political Corruption in Ghana

In Ghana, the banning of opposition political parties by Nkrumah resulted in increased corruption due to excessive governmental power.

Economic Dependency in Ghana

The economic struggles in Ghana were heavily linked to a dependency on cacao crop exports, making the nation vulnerable to price fluctuations.

Pan-Africanism

Pan-Africanism aimed to unite individuals of African descent globally.

Challenges for Democratic Governments

Democratic governments in Africa faced overwhelming challenges that undermined their stability.

Ghana's Path to Independence

Ghana's independence began when Africans secured a majority in parliament.

Jomo Kenyatta's Governance

Jomo Kenyatta's rule faced discontent due to preferential treatment of the Kikuyu people.

South Africa's Democratic Issues

Post-apartheid South Africa battles high poverty, unemployment, and unequal access to infrastructure and technology.

Anti-Apartheid Movement

Initially non-violent, the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa eventually adopted militant strategies.
Nelson Mandela expanded his activism in the 1960s by forming a sabotage division.
The Sharpeville Massacre in 1960 resulted in the deaths of sixty-nine protesters, influencing Mandela's belief in armed resistance.

African National Congress (ANC)

The ANC was established to unify non-white South Africans and advocate for their rights.

Soweto Uprising

A significant student-led uprising occurred in Soweto, reflecting the growing dissent against apartheid.

International Influence on Apartheid

The international community pressured South Africa through economic sanctions during the 1980s.
Nelson Mandela was arrested and imprisoned in 1964 after returning from Algeria.

Evolution of Apartheid

Key events in the apartheid timeline include the Population Registration Act, the Soweto Uprising, reform efforts by Frederik W. de Klerk, and Mandela's presidential election.
South Africa achieved democracy with a new constitution in 1994.

Segregation and Governance

Early 1900s European settlers established a segregation system to divide South African society.
Settlers implemented a parliamentary government in 1909 that excluded many citizens.
The Population Registration Act of 1950 instituted a race-based classification system in South Africa.

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Description

This quiz explores the socio-political dynamics and economic challenges faced by African nations during and after colonial rule. It covers topics such as ethnic diversity in Nigeria, economic dependency in Ghana, and the implications of colonial education. Test your knowledge on how these factors have shaped contemporary African societies.