African Art and Religion Overview

<p>Creating contemporary art that reflects his Nigerian heritage and the traditional Yoruba culture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exposed him to Western art techniques, which he later incorporated into his own distinct style. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It symbolizes the inner essence and life force of an individual. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through prayer and sacrifice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasizes the importance of the head and its role in determining one's fate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect people from witches. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can transform into animals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They signify the ruler's connection to the inner head. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To honor the inner essence and life path of the individual. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are consecrated through prayer and incantation, becoming a sacred offering. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is scattered on the deceased's grave. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are driven by malice and hatred for no particular reason. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They offer sacrifices to appease the witches and prevent further harm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They symbolize the witches that the priests must confront. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal sacrifices, especially chickens and goats. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The head is the seat of the soul and spiritual essence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Love and romance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ashe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are believed to be the physical manifestation of Shango's power. (A), They are believed to mark spots where Shango's lightning has struck. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can demand offerings from the householder to appease Shango's wrath. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They symbolize the priest's connection to Shango and his power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a large female figure that serves as a caryatid, supporting a bowl filled with thunderbolts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its shape resembles a mortar, symbolizing the thunderous sound created by pounding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are used by priests to perform rituals that call upon Shango's power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It symbolizes that Shango has taken possession of an individual during trance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may refer to the twins that Shango fathered. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are symbols of fertility and abundance, associated with Shango's power. (C), They are associated with Shango's ability to generate twins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To demonstrate their connection to Shango and his power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents their willingness to sacrifice their masculinity for Shango’s service. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the slave trade, where enslaved Africans practiced their religion in secret. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It merged with Catholicism, adopting Christian saints and symbols into its practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are a way for Brazilians to acknowledge and celebrate their African heritage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erinle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A carved figure of Eshu (C), A wooden figure depicting a warrior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Communicating with ancestors and spirits for favor and forgiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preserving historical records and events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influence of Western colonialism and globalization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The syncretic nature of religious beliefs in some African communities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domestic and everyday objects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The importance of ancestors and spirits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The deliberate obscurity of meaning by artists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reinforcement of social order and values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To honor ancestors and commemorate encounters with supernatural beings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are always carved from wood and never from fiber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It symbolizes the dangers and power associated with the spirits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The challenges and rewards of following the ancestors' path (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It symbolizes the journey from ignorance to wisdom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans have a destiny determined at birth, but they can influence it through their actions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the seat of destiny and spirituality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans are interconnected with their ancestors and future generations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are used to honor and appease the specific orisha associated with a person (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a combination of inherited destiny and individual choices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A representation of the inner head and its destiny (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are symbols of wealth and prosperity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They show how religious beliefs influence artistic creation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bwa masks primarily honor nature spirits, while Yoruba masks focus on deities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents a traditional form of scarification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are powerful deities associated with natural forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obienmwen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was forbidden by the British during their invasion in 1897. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were used as currency in the region before colonization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rise of Christianity, particularly Pentecostalism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They always have a human form. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They use them for social gatherings and celebrations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He is the intermediary between humans and the bush, representing the life force. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural materials from the bush. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They represent nature deities instead of gods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows how Bwa culture is adaptable and open to incorporating influences from other cultures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are distinct and sometimes in conflict. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a symbol of joy, peace, and purity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enter from the shores. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Itsekiri, Igbo, Urhobo, and riverine Yoruba (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spiritual beings they represent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is meant to impress and awe the viewers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The boys' impersonation of women, particularly their movements, serves to appease the witches. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Efe masquerade's satirical verses are a reminder of community values and norms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The performances seek to appease the witches by providing them with entertainment and amusement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a way to exaggerate the feminine form and make the imitation more humorous. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To select a date for the performances that is favorable to the community's well-being. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>She may be incarnated by a spirit medium chosen through divinatory practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The male performers use more vigorous stamping movements, highlighting their strength and power. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The headpieces represent the various characters and concepts embodied in the performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Puppets allow for the depiction of characters that cannot be physically embodied. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orisha worship played a significant role in defining family identity and lineage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide the initiate with the knowledge and rituals necessary to communicate with the orisha. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The initiate becomes a temporary vessel for the orisha, allowing its voice and presence to be felt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dance represents the specific movements and rhythms associated with that particular orisha. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiates wear simple, utilitarian clothing, while priests and priestesses wear elaborate robes and ornaments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orisha worship was a deeply integrated part of everyday life for the Yoruba people. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Art that reflects status, age, or ethnic identity, not tied to religion.

A diverse set of beliefs centered around a High God, ancestors, and spirits.

Community celebrations often including satire to reinforce values.

These religions have increasingly attracted followers, changing traditional practices.

Can serve personal, family, or communal purposes, sometimes unclear.

Belief in a High God, Osanobua, with worship focused on his children.

Decline in traditional art forms due to the rise of adopted religions.

Some individuals blend traditional and adopted religions in their lives.

The eldest deity associated with farming and childbirth.

The youngest deity known as the Lord of Death, suppressed by the British.

Middle child deity of the High God, associated with the sea and wealth.

Small altars for worshipping Olokun to ensure fertility and wealth.

A substance symbolizing joy, peace, and purity in Edo culture.

Pre-colonial currency used in Olokun altars.

The impact of Christianity causing a decline in traditional worship.

Ceremonial performances honoring water spirits, tied to coastal living.

Represents the life force and mediates between people and nature.

Ethnic group practicing traditional religion in Burkina Faso.

The deity Do, overseeing successful farming and nature.

Masks created for performance, destroyed afterward, symbolic of life cycles.

Recent adoption by Bwa from neighbors, representing protective spirits.

Protective entities represented by wooden masks, intertwined with family.

Maintaining traditional worship tied to cultural heritage despite changes.

A prominent Nigerian sculptor known for his contemporary art.

A work depicting the Yoruba god of thunder and lightning.

Early crowns that symbolize kingship in Yoruba culture.

Ben Enwonwu's education involved multiple art schools and universities.

Notable artworks created for significant figures like Queen Elizabeth.

Masks representing supernatural beings, often linked to ancestors.

The personal shrine or container for one's head, used in Yoruba culture.

The empowering force in Yoruba religion, present in life and certain objects.

Red, black, and white colors used in mask designs, each with meanings.

An object containing the essence of a person's prayers and divinations, placed in ile ori.

Represent the difficult path of following ancestors in masks.

The inner head, significant in Yoruba art and spirituality.

Indicates that knowledge comes with age; shows wisdom differences.

Offering made to honor ancestors, deities, or during divination.

Deities in Yoruba religion, associated with nature and human traits.

Killing an animal as part of a ritual, often shared in social meals.

Common motifs in Yoruba art that reflect sacrifice and transformation.

Personal shrines in Yoruba culture to honor one's inner head.

The ability to change one's form, often attributed to powerful beings.

The belief in living, dying, and being reborn in families.

Visible part of the head that recognizes a person's identity.

Individuals believed to harm others through supernatural abilities.

Invisible part of the head tied to destiny and spirituality.

The orisha of healing and forest medicines in Yoruba belief.

Action believed to enhance potential life outcomes and destinies.

A spiritual practice for gaining insight and guidance.

Design elements referencing sacred serpents.

In Yoruba sculptures, the head is often more pronounced than the body.

Crowns that signify royal status, often featuring conical shapes.

A Yoruba art form celebrating feminine virtues and social harmony.

A simple offering typical in Yoruba rituals.

Dances require athleticism and convey spiritual meaning.

The principal deity in Yoruba religion, somewhat detached from humanity.

Witches in the community are feared for their ability to impede procreation, referred to as 'closing the womb.'

Divination is used to choose an auspicious date for the Gelede performance.

The Efe is an appealing part of the Gelede festival featuring satirical verses.

The festival includes representations of the Great Mother, sometimes humorous or transformative in nature.

Teenage boys wear costumes that imitate women but are designed to highlight their movements.

Male performers adopt women's dancing styles emphasizing hip and shoulder movements.

Characters often resemble market women carrying food for sale, emphasizing the beauty and labor of women.

Involves many deities, but families may primarily relate to a specific orisha.

Each orisha has a distinct priesthood and shrine for worship.

Involves a call from an orisha, often after illness, demanding initiation to serve.

The initiate dances under trance, allowing the orisha to possess them temporarily.

Initiates wear simple attire, while priests or priestesses might wear elaborate garments during festivals.

In the past, worship of orishas was common in various temples throughout towns.

During ceremonies, initiates serve as links for personal communion with the orisha.

Structures arranged around a courtyard for worship, where sacred objects are stored.

Appliqued leather bags hanging from the shrine's lintel, used by Shango priests.

Prehistoric stone axe-heads marking spots struck by Shango's lightning.

The ornate door on Shango shrines, resembling palace doors.

A large female figure that supports a bowl holding thunderbolts in the shrine.

An overturned mortar used as Shango's throne, creating thunderous sounds.

Dancewands used by priests during trance ceremonies, returned when not in use.

Twin figures often retired to Shango's altars, associated with twins.

The blending of Yoruba practices with Catholicism in the Americas.

Sculptures honoring Yoruba deities that are prominent in cities like Brazil.

Iconographic items like thunderstones indicating Shango's presence during rituals.

Astonishing acts performed by Shango priests, showcasing divine empowerment.

The decrease in followers of Yoruba traditional practices due to Christian and Islamic influence.