Aerosol Delivery Systems Quiz
47 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What primarily influences the deposition of aerosol products in the respiratory tract for particle sizes greater than 5 micrometers?

  • Gravitational settling
  • Diffusion
  • Elastic recoil of the lungs
  • Inertial impaction (correct)

Why do larger aerosol particles tend to impact the air wall instead of following the air stream in the respiratory tract?

  • They possess greater momentum upon release. (correct)
  • They have a lower density than smaller particles.
  • They are influenced more by electrostatic forces.
  • They are more likely to evaporate before deposition.

Which component is crucial for the proper functioning of an aerosol delivery system?

  • Canister pressure
  • Particle size uniformity
  • Liquid viscosity
  • Valve assembly (correct)

What characterizes aerosol particles that are less than 5 micrometers in size regarding their behavior in the respiratory tract?

<p>They can penetrate deeper into the lungs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a direct influence on the efficiency of aerosol drug delivery to the respiratory system?

<p>Ambient humidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of spacers in a valve assembly for metered-dose inhalers?

<p>To allow for efficient propellant evaporation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes a characteristic of actuators in valve assemblies?

<p>They can vary in shape and size to control product release. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the length of the spacer in a metered-dose inhaler affect the dosage delivery?

<p>It minimizes the initial velocity, allowing better lung deposition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the additional propellant play in the valve assembly?

<p>It helps in the gassing process at elevated pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs after the valve is crimped into the canister?

<p>Additional propellant is added under pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the valve in the delivery system described?

<p>To regulate the flow of material from the container (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Dalton's Law as it relates to gas mixtures?

<p>Total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material is not commonly used in contemporary aerosol containers due to practical concerns?

<p>Glass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum pressure that the container is designed to withstand?

<p>140 to 180 psig (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the valve assembly, which component directly attaches the valve to the container?

<p>Ferrule or Mounting Cup (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When administering the drug, why is deep inhalation coordinated with the valve operation?

<p>To ensure effective dose delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug form is typically involved in the described delivery system?

<p>Solid dispersion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do solvents play in the product concentrate?

<p>They enable the dispersion of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mounting gasket in a metered-dose inhaler?

<p>To secure the connection of the dip tube and valve body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which filling method is typically more common in the manufacture of metered-dose inhalers?

<p>Cold filling at approximately -30°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is not considered an important parameter in the functionality of a metered-dose inhaler?

<p>Material strength of the dip tube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dip tube in a metered-dose inhaler is primarily made from which material?

<p>Polyethylene or polypropylene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using surfactants in a metered-dose inhaler formulation?

<p>To enhance the solubility of the API in the propellant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parameters directly affects the release and travel of the product through the dip tube?

<p>The viscosity of the propellant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the pressure filling method in the manufacture of metered-dose inhalers?

<p>A drug/propellant concentrate is produced under pressure conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of metered-dose inhalers (MDIs)?

<p>They use a liquid propellant to aerosolize the drug. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is primarily responsible for improving the delivery of aerosolized medications?

<p>Micronization to achieve particle sizes less than 5 micrometers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do carrier particles play in the formulation of inhalation aerosols?

<p>They prevent the agglomeration of fine particles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solution in an MDI upon actuation?

<p>It undergoes volume expansion resulting in liquid-gas mixture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding carrier particles like lactose in the formulation?

<p>They increase the particle size without causing issues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant outcome of coordinated patient deep breathing in inhalation therapies?

<p>It minimizes medication adherence issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of the micronization process used in inhalation aerosols?

<p>It specifically targets sizes above 10 micrometers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do fine particles have in inhalation therapies if not properly managed?

<p>They cause a reduction in patient deep breathing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism predominantly influences the deposition of medium-sized aerosol particles?

<p>Gravitational sedimentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the release of therapeutic APIs in aerosols?

<p>Valve actuation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which propellant is commonly used in inhalation aerosols due to its favorable vapor pressure characteristics?

<p>Fluorinated hydrocarbons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Brownian diffusion' refer to in the context of aerosol delivery?

<p>Random movement of small particles in suspension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does particle size affect the rate of diffusion in inhalation aerosols?

<p>Inversely proportional to particle size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary factor for choosing propellants in aerosol systems?

<p>Desired vapor pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) in their operation compared to nebulizers?

<p>MDIs release drug in a metered dose when activated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inhalation aerosol device primarily depends on gravity for effective delivery?

<p>Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what manner do inhalation aerosols typically achieve a systemic effect?

<p>Absorption in the alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement concerning the components of an aerosol system is true?

<p>Multiple propellants can be utilized to achieve desired outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does inertial impaction play in aerosol delivery?

<p>It is a primary mechanism for large particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of aerosol application is targeted specifically for local effects in the mucosal membranes?

<p>Nasal aerosols (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does airway branching have on aerosol delivery to the lungs?

<p>It reduces the overall deposition of larger particles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristics are crucial for drugs administered via inhalation aerosols?

<p>Low particle size and adequate stability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Deposition of aerosol particles

The process by which particles in an aerosol are deposited in the respiratory tract.

Inertial impaction

A mechanism of particle deposition in the respiratory tract where large particles are impacted by the walls of the airways.

How does inertial impaction happen?

This occurs when particles are too large to follow the airflow and instead hit the walls of the airways due to their momentum.

Relationship between particle size and inertial impaction

The larger the particle size, the greater the momentum, and the more likely the particle is to travel through inertial impaction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Impact of airway branching

The branching of airways in the respiratory system can influence particle deposition. Particles might be more likely to hit a wall at the branching point.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Polydispersion

The size distribution of particles in a sample. It's important for drug delivery because different particle sizes can affect how the drug is absorbed and distributed in the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Humidity

The amount of moisture in the air. It can affect the size of particles in aerosol formulations, especially those with hydrophilic (water-loving) ingredients.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Formulation

The different components that make up a drug product, including the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and other ingredients like solvents, stabilizers, and surfactants.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Device

The device used to deliver the drug, such as an inhaler or nebulizer. It plays a crucial role in ensuring accurate and efficient drug delivery.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Valve

The part of the inhaler that controls the flow of drug from the container. It ensures the right amount of drug is delivered with each inhalation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Actuator

The part of the inhaler that the patient activates to release the drug. It can be different shapes and sizes, depending on the design of the inhaler.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Product Concentrate

The concentrated liquid solution containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). It's mixed with air to form an aerosol before inhalation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ferrule or Mounting Cup

A part of the valve assembly that attaches the valve to the container.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mounting Gasket

The rubber component that ensures a tight seal between the dip tube and the valve body, preventing leaks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dip Tube

A rigid tube made of plastic (polyethylene or polypropylene) that carries the medication from the canister to the valve.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Particle Size

The size of a solid particle, a key factor influencing how well it reaches the lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Valve Clogging

The ability of the valve to function properly without being blocked by solid particles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Relative Density of Propellant and Drug

The difference in density between the propellant and the drug, impacting how they mix and behave.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Solubility of API in Propellant

The extent to which the drug dissolves in the propellant, crucial for proper suspension.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Boiling Point and Vapor Pressure of Propellant

The temperature at which the propellant boils and its pressure as a gas, affecting its behavior in the canister.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Use of Surfactants

Substances that help mix the drug and the propellant for better stability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Valve Actuator

The part of the valve assembly that controls the release of the medication from the canister.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Valve Actuator Shape/Size

The valve actuator can have different shapes and sizes to ensure that the medication is released in the correct form.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spacer Function

Spacers are added to the inhaler to help the medication reach deeper into the lungs, reducing the amount that gets lost in the upper airways.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spacer & Propellant Evaporation

The spacer creates more space for the medication to spread out, helping it evaporate properly and reach the lungs effectively.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spacer & Medication Velocity

By increasing the distance the medication travels, the spacer slows down the initial velocity of the medication, preventing it from hitting the upper airways and maximizing its deposition in the lower airways.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aerosols

A colloidal dispersion of liquids or solids in gases. These products are packaged under pressure and contain therapeutic APIs that are released upon activation of a valve system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inhalation Aerosol Dispersion

The most important aspect of inhalational aerosols is the dispersion of the product upon release. This ensures the drug reaches the alveoli in the lungs, where systemic absorption occurs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Drug Physicochemical Properties & Inhalation Aerosols

The physical and chemical properties of a drug determine its dispersal in the respiratory tract. For example, particle size plays a major role in reaching specific areas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs)

Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) are devices that deliver a measured dose of medication to the lungs. They utilize a propellant to release the medication in a fine mist.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Propellants in MDIs

MDIs utilize a propellant to release medication. Common propellants include fluorinated hydrocarbons, propane, butane, isobutane, and compressed gases like nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. Different propellants are selected based on desired vapor pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MDI Spacers

Spacers are attachments that help distribute the medication evenly within the inhaler. They are particularly helpful for children or patients who struggle with inhaler technique.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Breath-Actuated MDIs

Breath-actuated MDIs release medication only when the patient inhales. This minimizes medication loss and ensures the drug reaches the lungs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs)

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) contain dry powder medication that is inhaled into the lungs. They typically have a device to release the powder and a chamber where the powder is inhaled.

Signup and view all the flashcards

DPI Formulation and Manufacturing

The formulation and manufacturing process of a DPI is crucial for ensuring the powder is finely dispersed and readily inhaled.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nebulizers

Nebulizers convert liquid medications into a mist that can be inhaled. They are often used for patients who have difficulty using inhalers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Jet Nebulizers

Jet nebulizers use a high-pressure jet of air to create a fine mist. This method is commonly used for medication delivery.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ultrasonic Nebulizers

Ultrasonic nebulizers use ultrasonic waves to create a fine mist. They offer quieter operation compared to jet nebulizers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gravitational Sedimentation

Gravitational sedimentation is the main mechanism for medium-sized particles (1-5 micrometers) in aerosols. These particles settle by gravity in the lower respiratory tract.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Brownian Diffusion

Brownian diffusion is the primary mechanism for smaller particles (less than 1 micrometer) in aerosols. These particles move randomly due to collisions with air molecules, leading to diffusion in the smaller airways.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Micronization in Aerosols

The process of reducing particle size to less than 5 micrometers, often using carrier particles like lactose. This technique leads to ordered mixing and prevents particle agglomeration, which can be caused by strong inter-particulate attraction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carrier Particles in Aerosols

Particles larger than 5 micrometers added to fine drug particles (less than 5 micrometers) during micronization. They help keep the fine particles from clumping together.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inter-Particulate Attraction

The force that pulls molecules of the same substance together, causing them to clump.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Volume Expansion in MDIs

The process by which a liquid propellant in an MDI undergoes rapid expansion, creating a mixture of liquid and gas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Coordinated Deep Breathing

Coordination of deep breathing techniques to ensure proper delivery of inhaled medication.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medication Adherence

The ability of a medication to adhere to a treatment plan, leading to better outcomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Drug Dissolving or Dispersing in MDIs

The process of dissolving or dispersing a drug in a liquid propellant for delivery via an MDI.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Aerosol Drug Delivery Systems

  • Aerosol products contain therapeutic APIs under pressure, released upon valve activation.
  • Aerosols are colloidal dispersions of liquids or solids in gases.
  • Aerosol application types include topical, nasal, and inhalation. Inhalation aerosols are most common, delivering drugs to the lungs for systemic effects.

Deposition in the Respiratory Tract

  • Particle size influences delivery mechanism.
  • Particles larger than 5 micrometers rely on inertial impaction, impacting airways due to their momentum.
  • Medium-sized particles (1-5 micrometers) are affected by gravitational sedimentation, settling in lower airways.
  • Small particles (less than 1 micrometer) are primarily dispersed through Brownian diffusion, diffusing to lower concentrations within the airways, and inversely proportional to particle size.

Components of an Aerosol System

  • Propellants, like fluorinated hydrocarbons, propane, butane, isobutane, or compressed gases (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitrous oxide), supply the necessary pressure to expel material.
  • Container materials include metal (steel, aluminum), and glass, designed to withstand high pressures (140-180 psig).
  • Formulation considerations include particle size, drug solubility, and vapor pressure.

Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs)

  • Drug dissolved or dispersed in a liquid propellant mixture.
  • Predetermined dose is a spray released via an actuated valve.
  • A spacer can be used to improve drug deposition in the lower airways.

Breath-Actuated MDIs

  • Patient's inhalation triggers product delivery.
  • Minimizes the need for coordinated deep breathing, for improved medication adherence.
  • The device typically has a priming mechanism and will release the product downwards upon actuation.

Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs)

  • Drug delivered as fine particles.
  • Can be pre-loaded or loaded into capsules/foil blister disks.
  • Dispensing is propellant-free, excipient-free (or minimal excipients), and breath-actuated.
  • Patient must achieve necessary inhalation flow rates for proper drug administration, sometimes prone to clogging or reactions with moisture.

Nebulizers

  • Convert liquids into a fine mist for inhalation.
  • Jet nebulizers use compressed gas to atomize liquids.
  • Ultrasonic nebulizers utilize mechanical vibration of a piezoelectric crystal.

Quality Control

  • Delivery rate, delivered amount, and leakage are monitored.
  • Uniformity of drug delivery is crucial, measured in years for MDIs and particles.
  • Size and aerodynamic properties are tracked to measure delivery success.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Aerosol Drug Delivery Systems PDF

Description

This quiz explores the factors influencing aerosol deposition in the respiratory tract, focusing on particle size and behavior. Understand the critical components of aerosol systems and the dynamics of drug delivery efficiency. Test your knowledge of how larger and smaller particles interact within the respiratory system.

More Like This

Aerosol Deposition Quiz
12 questions

Aerosol Deposition Quiz

NonViolentKyanite avatar
NonViolentKyanite
Pulmonary Drug Delivery: Aerosol Technology Quiz
10 questions

Pulmonary Drug Delivery: Aerosol Technology Quiz

IntimatePlumTree avatar
IntimatePlumTree
Aerosol Manufacture and Nebulizers
5 questions

Aerosol Manufacture and Nebulizers

SimplifiedMoscovium avatar
SimplifiedMoscovium
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser