Questions and Answers
What is a common characteristic of Aeromonas in terms of its clinical manifestations?
Which method is suggested for the laboratory diagnosis of Aeromonas spp.?
Which of the following antibiotics is Aeromonas spp. resistant to?
What is the optimal growth condition for Campylobacter jejuni?
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What is a recognized complication associated with Campylobacter jejuni infections?
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What is a common clinical manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection?
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Which method is effective for the laboratory diagnosis of Plesiomonas shigelloides?
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Which characteristic is NOT associated with the Enterobacteriaceae family?
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What is one of the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Plesiomonas shigelloides?
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What condition can Pseudomonas aeruginosa most seriously affect?
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Study Notes
Plesiomonas
- Plesiomonas shigelloides: facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative rod that is oxidase- and catalase-positive, ferments glucose.
- Found in aquatic environments, limited by a minimum growth temperature of 8°C.
- Causes gastroenteritis, especially from consuming uncooked shellfish; can lead to extraintestinal infections like meningitis and septicemia.
- Laboratory Diagnosis: Isolated using nonselective and enteric-selective media (e.g., HE agar); indole-positive, methyl-red-positive, reduces nitrates, and ferments glucose, maltose, and trehalose.
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility: Susceptible to cephalosporins, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, imipenem, and quinolones.
Pseudomonas
- Strictly aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, and Gram-negative bacilli with respiratory metabolism.
- Commonly associated with pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients and severe infections in burn and trauma patients.
- Motility through polar flagella; capable of forming acids and reducing nitrates.
Aeromonas
- Found in aquatic environments, associated with intestinal and extraintestinal diseases.
- Some strains produce enterotoxins, hemolysin, and a cytopathic factor.
- Laboratory Diagnosis: Isolation of a fermenting, oxidase-positive, Gram-negative bacillus should raise suspicion for Aeromonas spp.
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility: Susceptible to quinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole; produces β-lactamase conferring resistance to penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins.
Campylobacter
- Small, motile, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacilli that are microaerophilic (optimal growth in 5-10% O2).
- C. jejuni: Most common cause of bacterial enteritis in the U.S., linked to improperly cooked poultry; diarrhea may be bloody and self-limited, lasting up to a week.
- Can result in extraintestinal infections and is a recognized antecedent of Guillain–Barré syndrome.
Enterobacteriaceae
- Endotoxins: Composed of lipid and polysaccharide, elicit symptoms like fever, chills, and DIC; includes K1 antigen related to neonatal meningitis.
- K. pneumoniae Capsule: Inhibits phagocytosis; Vi antigen of Salmonella serotype Typhi impairs intracellular killing.
- Laboratory Diagnosis: Eosin methylene blue (EMB) and MacConkey's agar differentiate lactose fermenters; XLD and HE agar are selective for Salmonella and Shigella.
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility: E. coli and P. mirabilis are susceptible to ampicillin; various species exhibit resistance to first-generation cephalosporins.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Aeromonas, a group of bacteria typically found in aquatic environments. This quiz explores their motility, metabolic processes, and their association with intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Assess your understanding of how these organisms contribute to diarrheal disease through enterotoxin production.