Advocates of Farming in the West Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was John McKeen's initial source of income?

  • Business ownership
  • Cutting down trees
  • Ranching on the Blue
  • Working for a cattle outfit (correct)

How did John McKeen spend his days on the Blue?

  • Attending cattle markets in Magdalena, New Mexico
  • Cooking dinner and resting
  • Building fences and cutting trees
  • Riding hard all day and doing farm work (correct)

What was the common practice among the early Blue River ranchers regarding cattle care?

  • Complete neglect of cattle
  • Leaving cattle to care for themselves on an unfenced range (correct)
  • Frequent vet visits
  • Intensive supplementary feeding

Where did the Blue River ranchers take their cattle for market?

<p>Magdalena, New Mexico (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguished the Blue River ranchers from other large cattle outfits?

<p>They cooperated as neighbors to build up their enterprises. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the settlers who made their start on Blue River?

<p>Striving to build up their own enterprises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was land without water considered useless for homesteading?

<p>Livestock could not survive without access to water sources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 160-acre section chosen by pioneers under the Homestead Act?

<p>It was often located near important water sources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did the public domain land differ from the privately owned quarter sections under the Homestead Act?

<p>Public domain land was available for free grazing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did livestock play in the livelihood of many settlers in the American West?

<p>They served as an alternative means of making a living. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did settlers along the river have unimpeded usufruct of the unoccupied grazing lands around them?

<p>Because the public domain land was considered a 'commons'. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason behind settlers turning to livestock as a means of livelihood in the West?

<p>Lack of access to arable land under the Homestead Act. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did settlers initially manage grazing their cattle even if they did not own enough land?

<p>'Open range' policies allowed them to use unoccupied lands for free. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did John Wesley Powell predict would be a challenge for settlers who relied on farming alone?

<p>Insufficient land for successful crop cultivation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main critique mentioned in the text against the evidence used by those who oppose grazing?

<p>The studies do not consider the effects of unmanaged livestock. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ecological benefits are associated with controlled grazing compared to no grazing?

<p>Reduced plant mortality during drought. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about moderately grazed mid seral rangelands compared to lightly grazed rangelands?

<p>Moderately grazed rangelands have higher wildlife species diversity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key factor is highlighted in the text regarding livestock grazing that leads to ecological benefits?

<p>Implementation of controlled grazing practices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue raised by Jerry Holechek regarding the evidence used against grazing?

<p>'Dishonest comparison' between controlled and uncontrolled grazing effects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument of some wildlife biologists regarding grazing and biodiversity?

<p>Grazing enhances biodiversity under certain conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to grazing defenders, how do they perceive the relationship between livestock grazing and endangered species?

<p>There are few cases where it can be demonstrated that cattle or sheep endanger endangered species. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do ranchers believe is the benefit of their care of the range for wildlife?

<p>It creates a safe haven for wildlife. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'intermediate disturbance hypothesis' mentioned in the text related to grazing?

<p>Disturbances like grazing contribute positively to maintaining species diversity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the examples cited in the text where cattle have been claimed to benefit certain species?

<p>Cattle have helped some species like the Southwestern willow flycatcher. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why have ranchers reacted strongly to the charges made by environmentalists about livestock grazing?

<p>Because they believe keeping their grazing land in good shape is essential for their livelihood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best summarizes the opinions of ranchers regarding their role in land stewardship?

<p>Ranchers admit to damaging the land in the past but argue they are good stewards of the land today. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the attack on grazing mainly based on environmental concerns according to the text?

<p>Because environmental groups are concerned about the alleged damage caused by livestock to the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do economic arguments play a role in the grazing controversy according to the text?

<p>Economic studies comparing private and public forage costs have been inconclusive, with a 'wash' result. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do data from Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management indicate regarding range conditions over the years?

<p>Data indicate a general improvement in range conditions over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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