Adverse Drug Reactions Bulletin
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which nitrates reduce intracellular calcium levels?

  • by leading to the relaxation of smooth muscle (correct)
  • by stimulating the release of nitric oxide
  • by increasing phosphodiesterase type 5 activity
  • by directly inhibiting calcium channels
  • What was the primary reason for the limitation of nitrates' prolonged use as vasodilators?

  • their high cost of production
  • their ineffectiveness in treating angina
  • the development of tachyphylaxis (correct)
  • their adverse reaction of penile erection
  • What was the target of the alternative approach to modulate nitric oxide signaling?

  • phosphodiesterase type 5 (correct)
  • phosphodiesterase type 3
  • nitric oxide release
  • cGMP production
  • What was the unforeseen adverse reaction of sildenafil observed in male patients during clinical trials for angina?

    <p>penile erection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nitric oxide in the transmission of sexual stimulation from cavernous nerves?

    <p>it serves as the transmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the brand name under which sildenafil was approved for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction?

    <p>Viagra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be achieved by analyzing systematic follow-up of adverse reactions?

    <p>Development of new therapeutic outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Table 2 in the article?

    <p>To showcase ongoing clinical trials in drug repurposing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who can be involved in the work of exploiting adverse reactions?

    <p>Researchers and clinicians, as well as others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the article by Heerfordt et al.?

    <p>The outcomes arising from adverse drug reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of exploiting adverse reactions, according to the article?

    <p>Creation of new therapeutic outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was thalidomide initially marketed as in 1957?

    <p>Sedative and antiemetic medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of using thalidomide during pregnancy in the 1950s and 1960s?

    <p>Over 10,000 children were born with severe deformities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the mechanism by which thalidomide was found to hinder cancer tumor growth?

    <p>Disruption of blood vessel formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current approved treatment for which thalidomide is used?

    <p>Refractory multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research led to the repurposing of thalidomide?

    <p>Hypothesis-driven research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the bone marrow in multiple myeloma?

    <p>Heightened neovascularization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of thalidomide today?

    <p>For its antivascular effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual dosage of domperidone for adults?

    <p>10 mg, taken up to three times daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reactions were observed in clinical use of domperidone at elevated dosages or extended duration?

    <p>Breast discharge, breast enlargement, and breast tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of administering domperidone to postpartum women experiencing inadequate lactation?

    <p>A slight enhancement in milk production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential application of domperidone in lactation?

    <p>To induce lactation in individuals without a preceding pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the range of daily domperidone doses used in case reports to induce lactation?

    <p>60 to 80 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of studies involving drug repurposing?

    <p>They involve relatively small and narrow populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can an outline of drug repurposing studies be found?

    <p>On digital medical databases such as Micromedex or Lexicomp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism for gathering data on adverse reactions after a drug's market release?

    <p>Submission of case reports to national regulatory agencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of postmarket surveillance?

    <p>To monitor pharmaceutical safety profiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of unintended adverse reactions in drug repurposing?

    <p>They are a source of novel therapeutic outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of medical research in the context of drug repurposing?

    <p>To revise our comprehension of drug utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

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