Advent of Europeans: Explorations and Treaties

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Questions and Answers

Which event is recognized as having occurred first in the context of European exploration?

  • The signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas
  • Magellan leading the expedition to circumnavigate the globe
  • Columbus discovering America
  • Bartholomew Dias rounding the Cape of Good Hope (correct)

What significant shift did the Treaty of Tordesillas establish between Spain and Portugal?

  • It permitted shared invasions in newly discovered lands.
  • It divided territories based on an east-west line.
  • It established a north-south line for territorial claims. (correct)
  • It prohibited any further exploration by either country.

Which assertion reflects Adam Smith's view on the importance of historical events related to exploration?

  • The discovery of America was the most important event.
  • The European Renaissance had no impact on the discovery of new lands.
  • The Cape route to India and the discovery of America were of equal significance. (correct)
  • European scientific progress was the key to world history.

Who was granted the right to invade non-Christian lands under Pope Nicholas V's papal bull?

<p>Prince Henry of Portugal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant achievement is associated with Magellan in 1519?

<p>Circumnavigating the globe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event marked Vasco da Gama's arrival in India?

<p>He arrived at Calicut on May 21, 1498 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the real founder of Portuguese power in the East?

<p>Afonso de Albuquerque (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a reason for the conflict involving the Portuguese in India?

<p>Rivalries among Europeans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a governor of the Portuguese settlements in India?

<p>Hernán Cortés (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did Afonso take regarding social practices in Goa?

<p>Banned the Sati practice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Calicut: First Portuguese Factory

The first Portuguese trading post in India, established in Calicut, a major port on the Malabar Coast.

Francisco de Almeida: 1st Portuguese Governor

A Portuguese governor who implemented the "Blue Water Policy", focusing on naval dominance and trade control.

Afonso de Albuquerque: 2nd Portuguese Governor

A key Portuguese governor who expanded Portuguese power and influence in India, capturing important cities like Malacca and Ceylon.

Cafila: Merchant Ships Under Protection

A group of small merchant ships escorted by a Portuguese naval fleet, ensuring safe trade in the region.

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Nino da Cunha: Acquisition of Diu & Bassein

The Portuguese acquired Diu, a strategic port, and Bassein, a prominent harbor, from the ruler of Gujarat, solidifying their presence in western India.

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Renaissance

A period in European history (14th-15th century) marked by renewed interest in art, literature, and science, leading to advancements and explorations.

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Treaty of Tordesillas

The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided the world for exploration between Spain and Portugal. Spain got the right to explore westward, while Portugal got the eastward territories.

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Cape of Good Hope

In 1487, Bartholomew Dias of Portugal successfully sailed around the southern tip of Africa, known as the Cape of Good Hope, opening a new route to India.

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Columbus's Discovery

In 1492, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, landed in the Americas, mistakenly believing he had reached Asia.

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Magellan's Expedition

Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to successfully circumnavigate the globe, completing the journey in 1522. He was the first European to cross the Pacific Ocean.

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Study Notes

Advent of Europeans

  • Renaissance in Europe (14-15th cen.) - scientific progress and discovery of new lands.
  • In 1487, Bartholomew Dias rounded the cape of good hope.
  • In 1492, Columbus (Spain) discovered America.
  • In 1519, Magellan led the 1st expedition to circumnavigate the globe and become the 1st European to cross the Pacific Ocean.
  • According to Adam Smith, the discovery of America and the cape route to India were the two most imp. events in the history of mankind.

Portuguese

  • In 1454, Pope Nicholas V granted Prince Henry the right to invade, conquer and subjugate non-Christian lands.
  • Treaty of Tordesillas - bet. Spain and Portugal (1494)
  • An north-south line (bet.) in Atlantic ocean.
  • Spain can invade west of the line.
  • Portugal can invade east of the line.

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