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Questions and Answers
What was a significant disadvantage of early server-based architectures?
What was a significant disadvantage of early server-based architectures?
Which of the following is an advantage of server-based architectures?
Which of the following is an advantage of server-based architectures?
In a Zero Client Server model, where is the desktop operating system typically hosted?
In a Zero Client Server model, where is the desktop operating system typically hosted?
What key benefit do Zero Client devices provide in a virtual desktop infrastructure?
What key benefit do Zero Client devices provide in a virtual desktop infrastructure?
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What issue arises due to the server handling all functions in server-based architectures?
What issue arises due to the server handling all functions in server-based architectures?
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What does VDI stand for in the context of Zero Client Server models?
What does VDI stand for in the context of Zero Client Server models?
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Which aspect makes server-based architectures simpler for software administration?
Which aspect makes server-based architectures simpler for software administration?
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Why might an organization choose to implement Zero Client devices?
Why might an organization choose to implement Zero Client devices?
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What is a primary benefit of a zero client server architecture?
What is a primary benefit of a zero client server architecture?
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Which statement correctly describes client-based architectures?
Which statement correctly describes client-based architectures?
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What is a major problem associated with client-based architectures?
What is a major problem associated with client-based architectures?
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Which of the following best describes the processing in a zero client architecture?
Which of the following best describes the processing in a zero client architecture?
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Which option is not a benefit of the zero client computing model?
Which option is not a benefit of the zero client computing model?
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How does the client-based architecture typically handle data requests?
How does the client-based architecture typically handle data requests?
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Which aspect of zero client computing enhances security?
Which aspect of zero client computing enhances security?
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Which scenario would most benefit from a client-based architecture?
Which scenario would most benefit from a client-based architecture?
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What is the main advantage of server virtualization over traditional server architectures?
What is the main advantage of server virtualization over traditional server architectures?
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Which of the following best describes storage virtualization?
Which of the following best describes storage virtualization?
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Which area is NOT typically associated with virtualization?
Which area is NOT typically associated with virtualization?
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What does network virtualization allow an organization to do?
What does network virtualization allow an organization to do?
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Cloud computing primarily relies on which of the following?
Cloud computing primarily relies on which of the following?
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What characteristic of cloud services is highlighted?
What characteristic of cloud services is highlighted?
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Which statement about virtualization is false?
Which statement about virtualization is false?
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Which type of virtualization focuses on dividing a single physical server into multiple virtual environments?
Which type of virtualization focuses on dividing a single physical server into multiple virtual environments?
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What is a key characteristic of public clouds?
What is a key characteristic of public clouds?
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Which type of cloud is most suitable for organizations with strict data control guidelines?
Which type of cloud is most suitable for organizations with strict data control guidelines?
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What advantage does cloud computing provide regarding resource management?
What advantage does cloud computing provide regarding resource management?
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What does the term 'elasticity' refer to in cloud computing?
What does the term 'elasticity' refer to in cloud computing?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of hybrid clouds?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hybrid clouds?
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What should organizations incorporate to minimize the risks of a catastrophic cloud failure?
What should organizations incorporate to minimize the risks of a catastrophic cloud failure?
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What is a benefit of standardized APIs in cloud services?
What is a benefit of standardized APIs in cloud services?
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How are customers typically billed for using cloud services?
How are customers typically billed for using cloud services?
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Study Notes
Advanced System Analysis Lecture (9) - Chapter 5: Architecture Design
- Lecture (9) covered chapter 5 on architecture design for advanced system analysis.
- Lectures were by Dr. Asmaa Mohamed.
Less Commonly Used Architectures
- Less commonly used architectural designs were discussed.
Server-Based Architectures
- Early computing architectures were server-based.
- The server (often a central mainframe) handled all application functions.
- Clients (typically terminals) facilitated communication with the server.
- The server managed presentation, application, data access and storage logic.
Server-Based Architectures Advantages
- Application software and data are centrally stored on the server.
- Control is centralized, as all messages flow through the server.
- Software development and administration are simplified by the central computer hosting the entire system.
Server-Based Architectures Disadvantages
- The server in early systems processed all work, which generated bottlenecks and slow response times as the load increased.
- Demands from applications and increasing users overloaded the server.
- Response times slowed down, and server upgrades became increasingly costly.
Zero Client Server or Ultrathin Client
- A modern server-based computing model often used in virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI).
- A VDI environment hosts a desktop operating system (like Windows or Linux) on a centralized, remote server.
- End-user data and desktop images are managed within a virtual machine.
- Zero Client endpoint devices are small, powerful hardware units that reduce spending, power consumption, space, noise and security concerns.
- Typical device connects to a remote server. The server hosts the OS, applications and software.
- Server based zero-client model limits non-business use of the client computer (e.g., no social media use).
Zero Client Server Benefits
- Significant power usage reduction compared to traditional client configurations.
- Devices are less expensive than traditional PCs and Thin Client devices.
- No vulnerabilities to malware due to the lack of software on the client device.
- Efficient and secure application delivery to end-users.
- Easy administration of multiple virtual PCs on server-class hardware, reducing physical PC acquisition and maintenance costs.
Client-Based Architectures
- In client-based architectures clients (microcomputers) share a local area network.
- The client computers handle presentation, application, and data access logic.
- The server provides storage for data.
Client-Based Architectures Advantages
- Simple architecture suitable for situations with low user numbers and minimal data access needs.
Client-Based Architectures Problems
- All data on the server must travel to the client for processing. This can overload both the network and client computers, especially with large databases and numerous user queries.
- Data access logic is executed on the client, requiring the entire database to be transmitted before processing.
Advances in Architecture Configurations
- Two significant advances are virtualization and cloud computing.
Virtualization
- Virtualization creates virtual devices or resources (e.g., servers, storage) as software-based versions, offering flexibility and efficiency.
- Types of virtualization include server virtualization, storage virtualization, and network virtualization.
- Server virtualization involves partitioning a physical server into several virtual servers.
- Server virtualization can significantly reduce costs by minimizing the need for large, monolithic computers.
- Storage virtualization pools physical storage from multiple network devices to create a single, manageable storage entity.
- Network virtualization combines network resources by splitting bandwidth into channels that can be assigned or reassigned dynamically to specific servers in real-time.
Capabilities of Server Virtualization
- It overcomes limitations of old server-based architectures, which were based on single, large, expensive computers.
- Reduced hardware requirements translates to lower costs.
Storage Virtualization
- Pools physical storage, appearing as one device managed centrally.
Network Virtualization
- Combines network resources where bandwidth can be dynamically assigned to servers.
- SAN (Storage Area Network) is an example.
Cloud Computing
- Cloud computing delivers services, infrastructure, and storage over the internet, on-demand.
- Aspects of computing (Hardware, Networks, Storage, Services, and Interfaces) combine to deliver services.
- Cloud services can be provided as separate components or a complete platform.
Cloud Computing Implementation
- Public cloud: Services on the internet with limited control over the technology infrastructure (e.g. services from Amazon, Google, Microsoft).
- Private cloud: Services provided via an organization's intranet or hosted data center (e.g. used by medical offices and banking institutions).
- Hybrid cloud: Combines public and private cloud capabilities to address specific needs, e.g. using private for sensitive data and public for customer facing websites.
Public vs Private Cloud Computing
- Public clouds share virtualized resources supporting multiple customers. It uses internet connectivity suited for less sensitive data.
- Private clouds use a closed cluster of dedicated resources and support better security with connectivity via fiber and private networks, better suited for sensitive data.
Cloud Computing Advantages
- Scalability (cloud scale up or down based on demand)
- Straightforward cloud resource procurement.
- Standardised APIs mean seamless program interaction, enabling easier cloud service integration.
- Pay-as-you-go billing model for resource usage.
Cloud Computing Advantages (detailed)
- Enables document control, environment friendliness, rapid development, infinite storage, better security and more flexibility.
- Rapid development, infinite storage and improved work flow streamlining are benefits..
Cloud Computing Challenges
- Catastrophic failures are a concern.
- Reliability, availability, security, and interoperability are concerns for organizations using cloud-based services.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the key concepts from Lecture 9 of Advanced System Analysis, specifically Chapter 5, which explores various architectural designs, including server-based architectures. Students will learn about the advantages and disadvantages of these less commonly used systems, and their overall impact on application functionality.