Advanced System Analysis Lecture 9: Architecture Design
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What was a significant disadvantage of early server-based architectures?

  • The server processed all the workloads leading to slow response times. (correct)
  • They operated without a central point of control.
  • All application software was stored on multiple client terminals.
  • They required multiple computers to operate effectively.
  • Which of the following is an advantage of server-based architectures?

  • Increased hardware expenditure for multiple servers.
  • Faster response time due to distributed processing.
  • Users have full control over application software.
  • Simplified software development due to a centralized system. (correct)
  • In a Zero Client Server model, where is the desktop operating system typically hosted?

  • On an external storage device.
  • On each client device.
  • On a local machine.
  • On a centralized remote server. (correct)
  • What key benefit do Zero Client devices provide in a virtual desktop infrastructure?

    <p>Reduction in total costs, power consumption, and noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue arises due to the server handling all functions in server-based architectures?

    <p>Overloading of the server as user demands increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does VDI stand for in the context of Zero Client Server models?

    <p>Virtual Desktop Infrastructure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect makes server-based architectures simpler for software administration?

    <p>Centralized hosting of both applications and data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might an organization choose to implement Zero Client devices?

    <p>To reduce costs and improve efficiency in managing resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of a zero client server architecture?

    <p>Significantly reduced power usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes client-based architectures?

    <p>Client devices execute data access logic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major problem associated with client-based architectures?

    <p>Data must travel from the server to the client for processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the processing in a zero client architecture?

    <p>There is no software at the client device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is not a benefit of the zero client computing model?

    <p>Increased non-business usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the client-based architecture typically handle data requests?

    <p>The entire database is transferred to the client for processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of zero client computing enhances security?

    <p>No vulnerability to client-side malware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario would most benefit from a client-based architecture?

    <p>A small team with low data access needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of server virtualization over traditional server architectures?

    <p>It reduces costs by requiring less hardware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes storage virtualization?

    <p>The pooling of physical storage from different devices into a single manageable resource.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is NOT typically associated with virtualization?

    <p>Hardware virtualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does network virtualization allow an organization to do?

    <p>Combine bandwidth into independent channels for versatile allocation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cloud computing primarily relies on which of the following?

    <p>A collection of hardware, networks, and services accessed over the Internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of cloud services is highlighted?

    <p>They can be tailored based on user demand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about virtualization is false?

    <p>It involves creating physical copies of servers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virtualization focuses on dividing a single physical server into multiple virtual environments?

    <p>Server virtualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of public clouds?

    <p>Services are provided over the Internet with limited control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cloud is most suitable for organizations with strict data control guidelines?

    <p>Private cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does cloud computing provide regarding resource management?

    <p>Customers can scale resources up or down based on demand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'elasticity' refer to in cloud computing?

    <p>The capacity to increase or decrease resources as needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of hybrid clouds?

    <p>They combine both private and public cloud features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should organizations incorporate to minimize the risks of a catastrophic cloud failure?

    <p>Redundancy in their cloud computing applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of standardized APIs in cloud services?

    <p>They facilitate easier linkage between cloud services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are customers typically billed for using cloud services?

    <p>Billing is based on the resources used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Advanced System Analysis Lecture (9) - Chapter 5: Architecture Design

    • Lecture (9) covered chapter 5 on architecture design for advanced system analysis.
    • Lectures were by Dr. Asmaa Mohamed.

    Less Commonly Used Architectures

    • Less commonly used architectural designs were discussed.

    Server-Based Architectures

    • Early computing architectures were server-based.
    • The server (often a central mainframe) handled all application functions.
    • Clients (typically terminals) facilitated communication with the server.
    • The server managed presentation, application, data access and storage logic.

    Server-Based Architectures Advantages

    • Application software and data are centrally stored on the server.
    • Control is centralized, as all messages flow through the server.
    • Software development and administration are simplified by the central computer hosting the entire system.

    Server-Based Architectures Disadvantages

    • The server in early systems processed all work, which generated bottlenecks and slow response times as the load increased.
    • Demands from applications and increasing users overloaded the server.
    • Response times slowed down, and server upgrades became increasingly costly.

    Zero Client Server or Ultrathin Client

    • A modern server-based computing model often used in virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI).
    • A VDI environment hosts a desktop operating system (like Windows or Linux) on a centralized, remote server.
    • End-user data and desktop images are managed within a virtual machine.
    • Zero Client endpoint devices are small, powerful hardware units that reduce spending, power consumption, space, noise and security concerns.
    • Typical device connects to a remote server. The server hosts the OS, applications and software.
    • Server based zero-client model limits non-business use of the client computer (e.g., no social media use).

    Zero Client Server Benefits

    • Significant power usage reduction compared to traditional client configurations.
    • Devices are less expensive than traditional PCs and Thin Client devices.
    • No vulnerabilities to malware due to the lack of software on the client device.
    • Efficient and secure application delivery to end-users.
    • Easy administration of multiple virtual PCs on server-class hardware, reducing physical PC acquisition and maintenance costs.

    Client-Based Architectures

    • In client-based architectures clients (microcomputers) share a local area network.
    • The client computers handle presentation, application, and data access logic.
    • The server provides storage for data.

    Client-Based Architectures Advantages

    • Simple architecture suitable for situations with low user numbers and minimal data access needs.

    Client-Based Architectures Problems

    • All data on the server must travel to the client for processing. This can overload both the network and client computers, especially with large databases and numerous user queries.
    • Data access logic is executed on the client, requiring the entire database to be transmitted before processing.

    Advances in Architecture Configurations

    • Two significant advances are virtualization and cloud computing.

    Virtualization

    • Virtualization creates virtual devices or resources (e.g., servers, storage) as software-based versions, offering flexibility and efficiency.
    • Types of virtualization include server virtualization, storage virtualization, and network virtualization.
    • Server virtualization involves partitioning a physical server into several virtual servers.
    • Server virtualization can significantly reduce costs by minimizing the need for large, monolithic computers.
    • Storage virtualization pools physical storage from multiple network devices to create a single, manageable storage entity.
    • Network virtualization combines network resources by splitting bandwidth into channels that can be assigned or reassigned dynamically to specific servers in real-time.

    Capabilities of Server Virtualization

    • It overcomes limitations of old server-based architectures, which were based on single, large, expensive computers.
    • Reduced hardware requirements translates to lower costs.

    Storage Virtualization

    • Pools physical storage, appearing as one device managed centrally.

    Network Virtualization

    • Combines network resources where bandwidth can be dynamically assigned to servers.
    • SAN (Storage Area Network) is an example.

    Cloud Computing

    • Cloud computing delivers services, infrastructure, and storage over the internet, on-demand.
    • Aspects of computing (Hardware, Networks, Storage, Services, and Interfaces) combine to deliver services.
    • Cloud services can be provided as separate components or a complete platform.

    Cloud Computing Implementation

    • Public cloud: Services on the internet with limited control over the technology infrastructure (e.g. services from Amazon, Google, Microsoft).
    • Private cloud: Services provided via an organization's intranet or hosted data center (e.g. used by medical offices and banking institutions).
    • Hybrid cloud: Combines public and private cloud capabilities to address specific needs, e.g. using private for sensitive data and public for customer facing websites.

    Public vs Private Cloud Computing

    • Public clouds share virtualized resources supporting multiple customers. It uses internet connectivity suited for less sensitive data.
    • Private clouds use a closed cluster of dedicated resources and support better security with connectivity via fiber and private networks, better suited for sensitive data.

    Cloud Computing Advantages

    • Scalability (cloud scale up or down based on demand)
    • Straightforward cloud resource procurement.
    • Standardised APIs mean seamless program interaction, enabling easier cloud service integration.
    • Pay-as-you-go billing model for resource usage.

    Cloud Computing Advantages (detailed)

    • Enables document control, environment friendliness, rapid development, infinite storage, better security and more flexibility.
    • Rapid development, infinite storage and improved work flow streamlining are benefits..

    Cloud Computing Challenges

    • Catastrophic failures are a concern.
    • Reliability, availability, security, and interoperability are concerns for organizations using cloud-based services.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the key concepts from Lecture 9 of Advanced System Analysis, specifically Chapter 5, which explores various architectural designs, including server-based architectures. Students will learn about the advantages and disadvantages of these less commonly used systems, and their overall impact on application functionality.

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