Advanced Organic Chemistry Reactions
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Questions and Answers

What type of amines undergo the Hofmann mustard oil reaction?

  • Aromatic tertiary amines
  • Quaternary ammonium amines
  • Aliphatic and aromatic primary amines (correct)
  • Secondary aliphatic amines

    • What is the characteristic odor associated with the products of the Hofmann mustard oil reaction?

  • Sweet fruity smell
  • Pungent vinegar smell
  • Faint floral smell
  • Characteristic unpleasant mustard oil smell (correct)

    • Which of the following is a key reactant used in the haloform reaction?

  • Potassium hypobromite (KOBr)
  • Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)
  • Sodium hypohalite (NaOX) (correct)
  • Calcium hypoidite (CaOI2)

    • What is the main product formed during the Kolbe’s Electrolytic Method?

    <p>Higher alkanes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is the Leuckart reaction classified as?

    <p>Reductive amination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product of a Fries rearrangement?

    <p>A mixture of <em>o</em>- and <em>p</em>-hydroxyketones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a necessary reagent for the Fries rearrangement?

    <p>Anhydrous AlCl3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compound is used as the starting material in the Fries rearrangement?

    <p>A phenyl ester (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key intermediate in the Curtius rearrangement?

    <p>An isocyanate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of the Curtius rearrangement?

    <p>A primary amine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reagents is specifically used in the Beckmann rearrangement?

    <p>SOCl2, PCl5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary starting material for the Gabriel phthalimide synthesis?

    <p>Phthalimide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product of the Cope reaction?

    <p>Alkene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Balz-Schiemann reaction, what is the role of HBF4?

    <p>Precursor for preparing diazonium tetrafluoroborate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in the Gabriel phthalimide synthesis?

    <p>Reaction with caustic potash (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction is characterized by the formation of a product with an extremely unpleasant odor?

    <p>Carbylamine reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a product of the Diels-Alder reaction?

    <p>A cycloalkane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of carbonyl compounds participate in the Claisen-Schmidt reaction?

    <p>Aromatic aldehyde with an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of alcohol is produced in the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction?

    <p>Secondary alcohol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reactions uses chromyl chloride (CrO2Cl2) as a key reagent?

    <p>Etard reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction mentioned in the text produces fluorobenzene as a product?

    <p>Balz-Schiemann reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is the conversion of benzaldehyde to benzylidene acetone when reacted with acetone in the presence of dilute NaOH?

    <p>Aldol condensation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is oxidized during the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction?

    <p>Iso-propyl alcohol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reagent is used in the Frankland reaction?

    <p>Zinc (Zn) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the catalyst used in the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction?

    <p>Aluminium isopropoxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the provided information, which of these molecules is NOT involved in the reactions described?

    <p>Cyclohexene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products of the Cannizzaro reaction when formaldehyde is the substrate?

    <p>Methanol and sodium formate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the reactants in the reaction that produces cinnamic acid?

    <p>Benzaldehyde and acetic anhydride (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the reaction that transforms an ester containing $\alpha$-hydrogen atoms into a $\beta$-keto ester?

    <p>Claisen condensation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What by-product is produced in the reaction that results in cinnamic acid?

    <p>Acetic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compound is produced from the reaction of dialkyl zinc compounds with tertiary alkyl halides?

    <p>Alkanes with quaternary carbon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product of the Reimer-Tiemann reaction?

    <p>Salicylaldehyde (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction is used to prepare iodoalkanes from alkyl chlorides or bromides using sodium iodide in acetone or methanol?

    <p>Finkelstein reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key reactants in the Reimer-Tiemann reaction?

    <p>Phenol and chloroform (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of catalyst is employed in the Friedel-Crafts reaction?

    <p>Lewis acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these compounds acts as a catalyst?

    <p>Aluminium isopropoxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a self oxidation-reduction reaction?

    <p>Cannizzaro Reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of product is formed when an alkene reacts with water gas in the presence of cobalt carbonyl hydride under pressure?

    <p>Aldehyde (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Perkin condensation, an aromatic aldehyde reacts with an aliphatic acid anhydride in the presence of which type of catalyst?

    <p>Sodium salt of the corresponding acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of product is generated when a diazonium salt reacts with CuX/HX during Sandmeyer's reaction?

    <p>Aromatic Halide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction is described by the equation: Metal alkoxide + Alkyl halide -> Ether?

    <p>Williamson’s synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a —COCl group during reduction?

    <p>It reduces to —CHO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reactant in the 'Oxo process'?

    <p>Alkene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CuX/HX in the Sandmeyer reaction?

    <p>Catalyst to replace diazonium group with halide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Schotten Baumann reaction, an acid chloride reacts with which of the following?

    <p>Alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemistry Reactions

    • Aldol Condensation: Two aldehyde or ketone molecules with α-hydrogens condense in the presence of a base (e.g., dilute NaOH, Na₂CO₃, Ba(OH)₂) to form β-hydroxyaldehydes or β-hydroxyketones (aldols).

    • Birch Reduction: Disubstituted alkynes react with sodium metal in liquid ammonia to predominantly form trans-alkenes.

    • Beckmann Rearrangement: Oximes treated with catalysts like concentrated H₂SO₄, SOCl₂, or PCl₅ undergo rearrangement to form substituted amides.

    • Balz-Schiemann Reaction: Fluorobenzene is prepared from benzene diazonium salt by first converting it to benzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate.

    • Clemmensen Reduction: Aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alkanes using Zn-Hg amalgam and concentrated HCl.

    • Corey-House Synthesis: An alkyl halide is converted to lithium dialkyl cuprate, which then reacts with another alkyl halide (preferably a primary alkyl halide) to produce an alkane.

    • Cope Elimination: Tertiary amine oxides with a β-hydrogen atom form alkenes via Cope elimination.

    • Carbylamine Reaction: Primary amines react with chloroform and alcoholic potassium hydroxide to yield isocyanides (carbylamines), characterized by an unpleasant odor.

    • Claisen-Schmidt Reaction: Aromatic aldehydes can condense with aliphatic aldehydes or ketones in a base-catalyzed crossed aldol condensation.

    • Cannizzaro Reaction: Aldehydes lacking α-hydrogens undergo disproportionation to form an alcohol and the salt of a carboxylic acid in the presence of an alkali.

    • Claisen Condensation: β-keto esters are formed through self-condensation of esters with α-hydrogens in the presence of strong bases such as sodium ethoxide.

    • Curtius Rearrangement: Acyl azides, derived from carboxylic acids, rearrange in acidic or alkaline media to form primary amines via an isocyanate intermediate.

    • Diels-Alder Reaction: A conjugated diene reacts with a dienophile to produce a cyclic system.

    • Etard Reaction: Aromatic hydrocarbons treated with a mild oxidizing agent (e.g., chromyl chloride) form aldehydes.

    • Frankland Reaction: Similar to the Wurtz reaction, but using zinc instead of sodium. Reacts with tertiary alkyl halides to form hydrocarbons containing quaternary carbon atoms.

    • Finkelstein Reaction: Iodoalkanes are produced by reacting alkyl chlorides or bromides with sodium iodide in a solvent like acetone or methanol.

    • Friedel-Crafts Reaction: Simple aromatic hydrocarbons form substituted hydrocarbons through reaction with alkyl halides in the presence of Lewis acids like AlCl₃ or FeCl₃.

    • Fries Rearrangement: Acyl groups in phenyl esters migrate from the phenolic oxygen to ortho or para positions on the benzene ring upon heating with anhydrous AlCl₃.

    • Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis: Phthalimide reacts with caustic potash, followed by alkyl halide treatment and hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid, to produce primary amines.

    • Gattermann-Koch Reaction: Benzene yields benzaldehyde upon reaction with a mixture of CO and HCl in the presence of AlCl₃.

    • Hoffmann-Bromamide Reaction: Primary amides treated with bromine and alkali produce primary amines with one fewer carbon atom.

    • Hydroboration-Oxidation: Alkenes react with diborane and subsequently with hydrogen peroxide to yield alcohols.

    • Hunsdiecker Reaction: Carboxylic acid silver salts react with bromine in refluxing carbon tetrachloride to form alkyl bromides with one fewer carbon.

    • Hofmann Mustard Oil Reaction: Only primary amines undergo this reaction; the reaction of primary amines with carbon disulfide and other reagents yields alkyl isothiocyanates.

    • Haloform Reaction: Methyl ketones are oxidized by hypohalites to form haloforms and the sodium salt of a carboxylic acid.

    • Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction: Aliphatic carboxylic acids form α-halo acids when treated with bromine or chlorine in the presence of red phosphorus.

    • Knoevenagel Reaction: Aldehydes or ketones with reactive methylene compounds (e.g., malonic acid, acetoacetic ester) yield α,β-unsaturated compounds.

    • Kolbe's Electrolytic Method: Sodium or potassium salts of carboxylic acids are electrolyzed to produce higher alkanes.

    • Leuckart Reaction: The reaction of aldehydes or ketones with ammonium formate or formamide produces an aldehyde or ketone-derived formyl derivative of a primary amine via a reductive amination.

    • Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction: Ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols using isopropyl alcohol in the presence of aluminum isopropoxide.

    • Oppenauer Oxidation: Secondary alcohols are oxidized to ketones using aluminum tert-butoxide in the presence of excess of an aldehyde (or ketone).

    • Ozonolysis: Oxidizing alkenes with ozone yields ozonides, subsequently reduced for aldehyde or ketone products.

    • Perkin Condensation: Aromatic aldehydes react with acid anhydrides in the presence of sodium salts to produce α,β-unsaturated acids.

    • Reimer-Tiemann Reaction: Phenol reacts with chloroform and aqueous alkali to give salicylaldehyde.

    • Reformatsky Reaction: α-haloesters and aldehydes/ketones treated with zinc yield β-hydroxy esters

    • Rosenmund Reduction: Acid chlorides are reduced to aldehydes via palladized barium sulfate partially poisoned with sulfur.

    • Sandmeyer Reaction: Diazonium salts react with copper(I) halides to yield aryl halides.

    • Schmidt Reaction: Carboxylic acids react with hydrazoic acid in acidic conditions to yield primary amines.

    • Schotten-Baumann Reaction: Aryl halides or alcohols can be benzoylated in the presence of base and acyl halide under neutral conditions.

    • Sabatier-Senderen Reaction: Unsaturated hydrocarbons in the presence of a nickel catalyst are reduced to alkanes.

    • Stephen's Reduction: Cyanides are reduced to aldehydes through reaction with SnCl₂/HCl followed by hydrolysis.

    • Tischenko Reaction: Aldehydes react with aluminium ethoxide to produce esters and alcohols by simultaneous reduction and oxidation.

    • Ullmann Reaction: Aryl halides, especially iodides, react with copper to produce biphenyls.

    • Wacker Process: Alkenes are directly oxidized to aldehydes or ketones in the presence of air or oxygen and palladium-copper catalysts.

    • Williamson Ether Synthesis: Metal alkoxides react with alkyl halides to produce ethers.

    • Wurtz Reaction: Alkyl halides react with sodium metal in anhydrous ether to produce alkanes. (Often followed by addition of an alkyl halide)

    • Wittig Reaction: Carbonyl groups are converted into alkenes via reactions with ylides.

    • Wolff-Kishner Reduction: Aldehydes and ketones give alkanes when heated with hydrazine and a strong base like potassium hydroxide.

    • Wurtz-Fittig Reaction: Aryl halides and alkyl halides react with sodium in dry ether to yield alkyl-substituted arenes.

    • Wohler's Reaction: Calcium carbide reacts with water to produce acetylene. This is a laboratory preparation method.

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    Chemistry Reactions PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various organic chemistry reactions, including Aldol Condensation, Birch Reduction, and Beckmann Rearrangement. This quiz covers essential mechanisms and transformations crucial for understanding organic synthesis. Challenge yourself with questions on the usage of different catalysts and reagents in these reactions.

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