Advanced Medical Directive Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of the lecture?

  • Artificial intelligence and its influence on society
  • Role of technology in environmental conservation
  • Climate change and its impact on mental health
  • Biological and psychological factors in brain aging (correct)

    • What is the aim of using technology, virtual companies, and artificial intelligence mentioned in the lecture?

  • To eliminate the need for medical professionals
  • To increase profits for businesses
  • To support and promote more people to take on advanced care planning (correct)
  • To replace human interactions with technological solutions

    • What main aspect does the speaker want to promote in people facing their mortality?

  • Complete reliance on others
  • More control and autonomy (correct)
  • Avoidance of the topic
  • Fear and anxiety

    • What does the speaker emphasize at the end of the lecture?

    <p>Using technology as conduits to support advanced care planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological factor is mentioned as important for preventing and delaying the onset of dementia?

    <p>Social isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did a meta analysis of more than fifty studies find in relation to social activity and cognition?

    <p>Positive correlation between social activity and cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be associated with a loss of a sense of purpose and meaning in life according to the text?

    <p>Social isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested as an important role in preventing and delaying the onset of dementia?

    <p>Mental or psychological health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated as complicating the picture in relation to depression and dementia?

    <p>Neuro-psychiatric comorbidities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is suggested to be correlated with better cognition in older age?

    <p>Social activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of greater social activity and larger social networks on cognition?

    <p>Positive effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may contribute to depression onset and severity in later stages according to the text?

    <p>Dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated as important for healthy well being across the lifespan?

    <p>Mental or psychological health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did researchers find in relation to the effects of greater social activity and larger social networks on cognition?

    <p>Positive correlation between social activity and cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an advanced medical directive?

    <p>To reduce unnecessary and aggressive treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an advanced medical directive empower patients?

    <p>By allowing them to designate a decision-maker for when they become incapacitated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the impact of advanced medical directives on end-of-life care?

    <p>It can potentially reduce hospital admissions and improve quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does advanced medical directive seek to integrate into end-of-life care?

    <p>Psychosocial care and spiritual care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about the research on advanced medical directive?

    <p>It solely focuses on metrics related to hospital admission rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which regions has the advanced medical directive become a cornerstone for quality public care?

    <p>All of the above regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does enacting a medical directive allow individuals to establish?

    <p>A personalized end-of-life care plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the psychological factors mentioned as influencing smoking behavior?

    <p>Social pressure, need for belonging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Alzheimer's disease described in terms of its effects?

    <p>Affects cognition and associated with neuro psychiatric symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for emphasizing an interdisciplinary approach to understanding dementia incidence?

    <p>To explore the influence of psychological aspects on health-related behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested as a complex interplay influencing health-related behaviors and choices?

    <p>Psychological, social, and biological variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the unknown risks mentioned in the text refer to?

    <p>Psychological aspects beyond depression and social isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do psychological factors such as depression and social isolation play in brain and cognitive aging?

    <p>They are important in brain and cognitive aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of leveraging on technology and devising ways to target psychological factors for intervention?

    <p>To prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease and dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the speaker highlight as a significant demographic change in Singapore?

    <p>Significant rise in the number of people aged sixty five years or older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the speaker mention the increase in the number of elderly people in Singapore?

    <p>To highlight the challenges of communicating with seniors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hedwig alfred intend to talk about in the following minutes?

    <p>Challenges of communicating with seniors in Singapore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the text regarding the relationship between depression and incident dementia?

    <p>Depression significantly increases the risk of incident dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the relationship between depression and dementia in later stages?

    <p>Dementia may contribute to depression onset and severity in later stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the meta analysis of more than fifty studies suggest about the relationship between social activity and cognition?

    <p>Greater social activity is correlated with better cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the text regarding the effects of social isolation and loneliness on the risk of dementia?

    <p>Social isolation and loneliness significantly increase the risk of dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about the impact of mental or psychological health on preventing and delaying the onset of dementia?

    <p>Mental or psychological health plays a significant role in preventing and delaying the onset of dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is identified as one of the core challenges in implementing advanced care planning?

    <p>Cultural attitudes and taboo towards death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the concerns about the way advanced care planning is being implemented?

    <p>Overly medically oriented approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect has been a great barrier towards people engaging in the process of advanced care planning?

    <p>Cultural identity and sense of piety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated as undermining people's willingness to engage in advanced care planning discussions?

    <p>Cultural attitudes and taboo towards death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from cultural attitudes, what else is mentioned as undermining people's willingness to engage in advanced care planning discussions?

    <p>Fears and concerns not being addressed adequately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Ching Hong suggest using artificial intelligence and chatbots in the context of the lecture?

    <p>To support and promote advanced care planning for greater autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Ching Hong indicate as important for individuals facing their own mortality?

    <p>Taking control and having autonomy in end-of-life decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by Ching Hong as a key psychological factor in preventing and delaying the onset of dementia?

    <p>Maintaining a sense of purpose and meaning in life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been the estimated amount spent on research and development of biological therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease from 1995 to 2021?

    <p>$42.5 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of the approved drugs for Alzheimer's disease mentioned in the text?

    <p>Inability to modify the progression of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease has had limited success in reducing mortality compared to heart disease, stroke, and HIV?

    <p>Alzheimer's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the increase in mortality related to Alzheimer's disease as mentioned in the text?

    <p>It represents a huge challenge but also a great opportunity for societal contribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the speaker emphasize as important besides therapeutics in understanding Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>The multifaceted nature of the Alzheimer's disease process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to enlarge the spotlight beyond therapeutics in understanding Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>To understand the multifaceted nature of the Alzheimer's disease process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about individuals with a biological disposition and family history of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>They may develop Alzheimer's disease despite their biological disposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the graph mentioned in the text?

    <p>% changes in selected cases of death from 2000 to 2019</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, what can be inferred about the approved drugs for Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>$They primarily treat symptoms and can be costly with potential side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage reduction in dementia prevalence is associated with the provision of adequate length of education in early life?

    <p>7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do researchers find about the knowledge of risk factors for dementia?

    <p>It is incomplete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors contribute a total of eight percent to dementia prevalence in late life?

    <p>Social isolation and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of life is associated with a seven percent reduction in dementia prevalence if the provision of adequate length of education is ensured?

    <p>Early life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Ching Hong's research as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The role of biological factors in cognitive aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of Alzheimer's disease continuum is characterized by mild symptoms that may not yet disrupt everyday activities?

    <p>Cognitive impairment phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expected to rise dramatically due to an aging population, not just in Singapore but all over the world?

    <p>Number of individuals living with dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Alzheimer's disease, what does the speaker suggest as a key psychological factor in preventing and delaying the onset of dementia?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Alzheimer's disease continuum consist of, according to the text?

    <p>Preclinical phase, cognitive impairment phase, and dementia phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a significant demographic change in Singapore?

    <p>Increase in aging population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the impact of social isolation and depression on brain aging in the context of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>'They accelerate the progression of biological changes in the brain'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in studying psychological risk factors such as social isolation and meaning?

    <p>Difficulty in quantifying them like biological risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the text regarding leveraging technology to target psychological factors for intervention?

    <p>Lack of opportunity to devise ways for intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about the relationship between psychological factors and dementia incidence?

    <p>The link between psychological factors and dementia incidence is complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested as a key aspect of what it means to be human according to the text?

    <p>Social connectedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about the measurement of social isolation and meaning in life?

    <p>They are much more challenging to measure than biological risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated as complicating the picture in relation to depression and dementia?

    <p>Complex interplay with emotions and thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease and dementia?

    <p>To leverage technology for intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may contribute to depression onset and severity in later stages according to the text?

    <p>Lack of social connectedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by the text regarding the impact of psychological risk factors on cognition?

    <p>Complex link with cognition and brain aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current understanding of the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>It can last for more than twenty or thirty years before symptoms start to appear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been the focus of a large amount of funding in relation to Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Discovery of drugs and therapeutics to treat and cure the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of the six drugs approved in the US for Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>They are only able to treat symptoms and not considered disease-modifying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the graph showing percentage changes in selected cases of death from 2000 to 2019 illustrate?

    <p>Limited success in reducing mortality related to Alzheimer's disease compared to other diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the speaker about the approved drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>They can be costly and may cause side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the speaker suggest about the duration of the preclinical phase in relation to intervention programs?

    <p>There is a substantial long runway for designing and implementing intervention programs during this phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the graph in red illustrate about the research and development of biological therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease from 1995 to 2021?

    <p>An estimated $42.5 billion has been spent on research and development of biological therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text indicate about the approval of drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease by the US FDA?

    <p>Six drugs have been approved by the US FDA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by the speaker about the duration of the preclinical phase and its potential impact on intervention programs?

    <p>'We have a substantial long runway' for designing and implementing intervention programs during this phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main challenge in effectively delivering information to seniors regarding benefits?

    <p>Limited literacy in the four official languages and understanding of mailed letters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were some seniors offended during the door-to-door delivery of information?

    <p>Volunteers asked about their children and how often they visited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common complaint among the more educated seniors during the information delivery process?

    <p>Volunteers talked down to them and assumed they already knew about the benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major concern regarding the door-to-door information delivery process?

    <p>The inability to customize the script for different seniors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the negative feedback from some seniors reveal about the door-to-door information delivery process?

    <p>Some seniors perceived volunteers as part of a scam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant undertaking for the effectiveness of the door-to-door information delivery process?

    <p>Including speakers of official languages and Chinese dialects in the volunteer teams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common complaint among the more educated seniors during the information delivery process?

    <p>'Volunteers did not respect their intelligence and assumed they needed to be informed about benefits'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key factor that contributed to negative feedback during the door-to-door information delivery?

    <p>'Difficulty in accessing homes for delivery'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major challenge faced during the door-to-door information delivery process?

    <p>'Difficulty in reaching all members of the senior group'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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