Advanced Medical Directive Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of the lecture?

  • Artificial intelligence and its influence on society
  • Role of technology in environmental conservation
  • Climate change and its impact on mental health
  • Biological and psychological factors in brain aging (correct)

What is the aim of using technology, virtual companies, and artificial intelligence mentioned in the lecture?

  • To eliminate the need for medical professionals
  • To increase profits for businesses
  • To support and promote more people to take on advanced care planning (correct)
  • To replace human interactions with technological solutions

What main aspect does the speaker want to promote in people facing their mortality?

  • Complete reliance on others
  • More control and autonomy (correct)
  • Avoidance of the topic
  • Fear and anxiety

What does the speaker emphasize at the end of the lecture?

<p>Using technology as conduits to support advanced care planning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological factor is mentioned as important for preventing and delaying the onset of dementia?

<p>Social isolation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did a meta analysis of more than fifty studies find in relation to social activity and cognition?

<p>Positive correlation between social activity and cognition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be associated with a loss of a sense of purpose and meaning in life according to the text?

<p>Social isolation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as an important role in preventing and delaying the onset of dementia?

<p>Mental or psychological health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as complicating the picture in relation to depression and dementia?

<p>Neuro-psychiatric comorbidities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is suggested to be correlated with better cognition in older age?

<p>Social activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of greater social activity and larger social networks on cognition?

<p>Positive effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may contribute to depression onset and severity in later stages according to the text?

<p>Dementia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as important for healthy well being across the lifespan?

<p>Mental or psychological health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did researchers find in relation to the effects of greater social activity and larger social networks on cognition?

<p>Positive correlation between social activity and cognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of an advanced medical directive?

<p>To reduce unnecessary and aggressive treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an advanced medical directive empower patients?

<p>By allowing them to designate a decision-maker for when they become incapacitated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the impact of advanced medical directives on end-of-life care?

<p>It can potentially reduce hospital admissions and improve quality of life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does advanced medical directive seek to integrate into end-of-life care?

<p>Psychosocial care and spiritual care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the research on advanced medical directive?

<p>It solely focuses on metrics related to hospital admission rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which regions has the advanced medical directive become a cornerstone for quality public care?

<p>All of the above regions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does enacting a medical directive allow individuals to establish?

<p>A personalized end-of-life care plan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the psychological factors mentioned as influencing smoking behavior?

<p>Social pressure, need for belonging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Alzheimer's disease described in terms of its effects?

<p>Affects cognition and associated with neuro psychiatric symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for emphasizing an interdisciplinary approach to understanding dementia incidence?

<p>To explore the influence of psychological aspects on health-related behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as a complex interplay influencing health-related behaviors and choices?

<p>Psychological, social, and biological variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the unknown risks mentioned in the text refer to?

<p>Psychological aspects beyond depression and social isolation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do psychological factors such as depression and social isolation play in brain and cognitive aging?

<p>They are important in brain and cognitive aging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of leveraging on technology and devising ways to target psychological factors for intervention?

<p>To prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease and dementia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the speaker highlight as a significant demographic change in Singapore?

<p>Significant rise in the number of people aged sixty five years or older (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the speaker mention the increase in the number of elderly people in Singapore?

<p>To highlight the challenges of communicating with seniors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hedwig alfred intend to talk about in the following minutes?

<p>Challenges of communicating with seniors in Singapore (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the text regarding the relationship between depression and incident dementia?

<p>Depression significantly increases the risk of incident dementia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the relationship between depression and dementia in later stages?

<p>Dementia may contribute to depression onset and severity in later stages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the meta analysis of more than fifty studies suggest about the relationship between social activity and cognition?

<p>Greater social activity is correlated with better cognition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the text regarding the effects of social isolation and loneliness on the risk of dementia?

<p>Social isolation and loneliness significantly increase the risk of dementia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the impact of mental or psychological health on preventing and delaying the onset of dementia?

<p>Mental or psychological health plays a significant role in preventing and delaying the onset of dementia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as one of the core challenges in implementing advanced care planning?

<p>Cultural attitudes and taboo towards death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the concerns about the way advanced care planning is being implemented?

<p>Overly medically oriented approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect has been a great barrier towards people engaging in the process of advanced care planning?

<p>Cultural identity and sense of piety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as undermining people's willingness to engage in advanced care planning discussions?

<p>Cultural attitudes and taboo towards death (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from cultural attitudes, what else is mentioned as undermining people's willingness to engage in advanced care planning discussions?

<p>Fears and concerns not being addressed adequately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Ching Hong suggest using artificial intelligence and chatbots in the context of the lecture?

<p>To support and promote advanced care planning for greater autonomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ching Hong indicate as important for individuals facing their own mortality?

<p>Taking control and having autonomy in end-of-life decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested by Ching Hong as a key psychological factor in preventing and delaying the onset of dementia?

<p>Maintaining a sense of purpose and meaning in life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the estimated amount spent on research and development of biological therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease from 1995 to 2021?

<p>$42.5 billion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of the approved drugs for Alzheimer's disease mentioned in the text?

<p>Inability to modify the progression of the disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease has had limited success in reducing mortality compared to heart disease, stroke, and HIV?

<p>Alzheimer's disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the increase in mortality related to Alzheimer's disease as mentioned in the text?

<p>It represents a huge challenge but also a great opportunity for societal contribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the speaker emphasize as important besides therapeutics in understanding Alzheimer's disease?

<p>The multifaceted nature of the Alzheimer's disease process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to enlarge the spotlight beyond therapeutics in understanding Alzheimer's disease?

<p>To understand the multifaceted nature of the Alzheimer's disease process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about individuals with a biological disposition and family history of Alzheimer's disease?

<p>They may develop Alzheimer's disease despite their biological disposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the graph mentioned in the text?

<p>% changes in selected cases of death from 2000 to 2019 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what can be inferred about the approved drugs for Alzheimer's disease?

<p>$They primarily treat symptoms and can be costly with potential side effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage reduction in dementia prevalence is associated with the provision of adequate length of education in early life?

<p>7% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do researchers find about the knowledge of risk factors for dementia?

<p>It is incomplete (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors contribute a total of eight percent to dementia prevalence in late life?

<p>Social isolation and education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of life is associated with a seven percent reduction in dementia prevalence if the provision of adequate length of education is ensured?

<p>Early life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Ching Hong's research as mentioned in the text?

<p>The role of biological factors in cognitive aging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of Alzheimer's disease continuum is characterized by mild symptoms that may not yet disrupt everyday activities?

<p>Cognitive impairment phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biggest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease as mentioned in the text?

<p>Aging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expected to rise dramatically due to an aging population, not just in Singapore but all over the world?

<p>Number of individuals living with dementia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Alzheimer's disease, what does the speaker suggest as a key psychological factor in preventing and delaying the onset of dementia?

<p>Depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Alzheimer's disease continuum consist of, according to the text?

<p>Preclinical phase, cognitive impairment phase, and dementia phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a significant demographic change in Singapore?

<p>Increase in aging population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the impact of social isolation and depression on brain aging in the context of Alzheimer's disease?

<p>'They accelerate the progression of biological changes in the brain' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in studying psychological risk factors such as social isolation and meaning?

<p>Difficulty in quantifying them like biological risk factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the text regarding leveraging technology to target psychological factors for intervention?

<p>Lack of opportunity to devise ways for intervention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the relationship between psychological factors and dementia incidence?

<p>The link between psychological factors and dementia incidence is complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as a key aspect of what it means to be human according to the text?

<p>Social connectedness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the measurement of social isolation and meaning in life?

<p>They are much more challenging to measure than biological risk factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as complicating the picture in relation to depression and dementia?

<p>Complex interplay with emotions and thoughts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of preventing or delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease and dementia?

<p>To leverage technology for intervention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may contribute to depression onset and severity in later stages according to the text?

<p>Lack of social connectedness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested by the text regarding the impact of psychological risk factors on cognition?

<p>Complex link with cognition and brain aging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current understanding of the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease?

<p>It can last for more than twenty or thirty years before symptoms start to appear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the focus of a large amount of funding in relation to Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Discovery of drugs and therapeutics to treat and cure the disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of the six drugs approved in the US for Alzheimer's disease?

<p>They are only able to treat symptoms and not considered disease-modifying (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the graph showing percentage changes in selected cases of death from 2000 to 2019 illustrate?

<p>Limited success in reducing mortality related to Alzheimer's disease compared to other diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the speaker about the approved drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease?

<p>They can be costly and may cause side effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the speaker suggest about the duration of the preclinical phase in relation to intervention programs?

<p>There is a substantial long runway for designing and implementing intervention programs during this phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the graph in red illustrate about the research and development of biological therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease from 1995 to 2021?

<p>An estimated $42.5 billion has been spent on research and development of biological therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text indicate about the approval of drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease by the US FDA?

<p>Six drugs have been approved by the US FDA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested by the speaker about the duration of the preclinical phase and its potential impact on intervention programs?

<p>'We have a substantial long runway' for designing and implementing intervention programs during this phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main challenge in effectively delivering information to seniors regarding benefits?

<p>Limited literacy in the four official languages and understanding of mailed letters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were some seniors offended during the door-to-door delivery of information?

<p>Volunteers asked about their children and how often they visited (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common complaint among the more educated seniors during the information delivery process?

<p>Volunteers talked down to them and assumed they already knew about the benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major concern regarding the door-to-door information delivery process?

<p>The inability to customize the script for different seniors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the negative feedback from some seniors reveal about the door-to-door information delivery process?

<p>Some seniors perceived volunteers as part of a scam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant undertaking for the effectiveness of the door-to-door information delivery process?

<p>Including speakers of official languages and Chinese dialects in the volunteer teams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common complaint among the more educated seniors during the information delivery process?

<p>'Volunteers did not respect their intelligence and assumed they needed to be informed about benefits' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key factor that contributed to negative feedback during the door-to-door information delivery?

<p>'Difficulty in accessing homes for delivery' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major challenge faced during the door-to-door information delivery process?

<p>'Difficulty in reaching all members of the senior group' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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