Advanced Chemistry Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What type of intermolecular forces is strongest?

Hydrogen bonding (correct)

Van der Waals forces

London dispersion forces

Dipole-dipole forces

What is ionization energy?

Energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom

What observation is most likely if gas A has twice the mass of gas B?

You will smell gas B before you smell gas A

The three important allotropic forms of phosphorus are red, white, _______?

black Signup and view all the answers

What two elements are most alike in reactivity?

Ba & Mg Signup and view all the answers

What form of radiation is composed of electrons traveling at 16,000 km/sec?

Alpha radiation Signup and view all the answers

Beta radiation will travel at what speed?

130,000 Signup and view all the answers

What has the greatest atomic mass?

Au Signup and view all the answers

What compound has a nonpolar bond?

Cl2 Signup and view all the answers

In the solid state, you would expect a nonmetal to be?

brittle Signup and view all the answers

What is a triatomic allotrope of oxygen?

ozone Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the combustion of hydrocarbons in excess oxygen?

carbon dioxide and water Signup and view all the answers

On the periodic table, where are atoms with the largest atomic radius located?

At the bottom of their group Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons are in a neutral atom of neon?

10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of a gamma ray?

no charge Signup and view all the answers

What intermolecular force might represent between atoms of a noble gas?

London dispersion force Signup and view all the answers

Why does fluorine have a higher ionization energy than oxygen?

Fluorine has a larger nuclear charge Signup and view all the answers

What element is a liquid at room temperature?

Br Signup and view all the answers

On the periodic table, what does 12.01 represent in the box for carbon?

the atomic weight of carbon Signup and view all the answers

What element has the lowest melting point and boiling point of all?

Helium Signup and view all the answers

What is an organic compound?

CH4 Signup and view all the answers

What element might you encounter in nature in its pure form?

Au Signup and view all the answers

If a neutral sodium atom has one electron removed, what is the result?

A positive charge Na+ ion with a net charge of +1 Signup and view all the answers

If you leave a metal rate outside and it rusts, what reaction has taken place?

oxidation reduction Signup and view all the answers

What metal would you expect to have a high melting point?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

How do organic reactions compare to inorganic reactions?

They are slower due to the presence of covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers

What element would you expect to be least reactive?

Xe Signup and view all the answers

What intermolecular force would have the lowest boiling point?

London dispersion force Signup and view all the answers

What two halogens are gases at room temperature?

Chlorine Signup and view all the answers

What process has the greatest overall effect on solubility?

Heating Signup and view all the answers

What substance would be the best conductor of electricity?

Silver Signup and view all the answers

Why is salt often used on icy roads?

Its particles lower the freezing point of water Signup and view all the answers

What substance allows for the fastest diffusion?

Gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the reactant that is entirely consumed by the reaction?

limiting reactant Signup and view all the answers

Limiting reactant controls the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction?

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the reducing agent?

Reduces the amount of another substance by losing electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is a reagent?

A chemical agent for use in chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit of energy?

Joule Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the device that separates gases by their mass to charge ratio?

Mass spectrometer Signup and view all the answers

What material has the smallest specific heat?

Aluminum Signup and view all the answers

What gas diffuses the fastest?

H2 Signup and view all the answers

What element is not involved in many hydrogen bonds?

Carbon Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intermolecular Forces and Bonds

Strongest Intermolecular Force: Hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of intermolecular force.
Noble Gas Interaction: London dispersion forces represent the intermolecular force between noble gas atoms.
Boiling Point Influences: London dispersion force generally results in lower boiling points compared to other forces.

Atomic Structure and Properties

Ionization Energy: The energy needed to remove the outermost electron from an atom; fluorine has a higher ionization energy than oxygen due to a larger nuclear charge.
Atomic Mass: Gold (Au) has the greatest atomic mass among elements.
Atomic Radius: Largest atomic radius is located at the bottom of each periodic group.
Electrons in Neon: A neutral atom of neon contains 10 electrons.
Charge of Gamma Rays: Gamma rays have no charge.

Chemical Properties and Reactions

Combustion Products: The combustion of hydrocarbons in excess oxygen produces carbon dioxide and water.
Oxidation Reduction Reaction: Rusting of a metal outside involves oxidation-reduction.
Limiting Reactant: The limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction, controlling the amount of product formed.
Reducing Agent: A reducing agent decreases the amount of another substance by losing electrons.

Elemental Characteristics

Reactivity: Barium (Ba) and magnesium (Mg) are most alike in reactivity.
Liquid Elements: Mercury (Hg) and bromine (Br) are the only elements that are liquids at room temperature.
Least Reactive Element: Xenon (Xe) is expected to be the least reactive element.
Organic Compounds: Methane (CH4) is an example of an organic compound.
Pure Element in Nature: Gold (Au) can be encountered in its pure form in nature.

States of Matter

Nonmetals in Solid State: Nonmetals are expected to be brittle in their solid state.
Fastest Diffusion: Gases diffuse faster than liquids and solids.

Miscellaneous Concepts

Highest Conductivity: Silver is the best conductor of electricity.
Freezing Point Depression: Salt lowers the freezing point of water, making it useful on icy roads.
Mass Spectrometer Function: A mass spectrometer separates gases by their mass-to-charge ratio.

Physical Properties

Melting Points: Iron has a high melting point, while helium has the lowest melting and boiling points of all elements.
Specific Heat: Aluminum has the smallest specific heat capacity among materials.

General Knowledge

SI Unit of Energy: The Joule is the standard unit for measuring energy.
Fastest Diffusing Gas: Hydrogen gas (H2) diffuses the fastest among gases.

Allotropes and Compounds

Allotropic Forms of Phosphorus: The three significant allotropes include red, white, and black phosphorus.
Nonpolar Compound: Chlorine gas (Cl2) features a nonpolar bond.

Additional Key Facts

Triatomic Allotrope of Oxygen: Ozone is a triatomic allotrope of oxygen.
Hydrogen Bonding: Carbon is not significantly involved in hydrogen bonds.

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Test your knowledge with these challenging flashcards covering key concepts in chemistry. Focus on intermolecular forces, ionization energy, and gas behavior. Perfect for students seeking to deepen their understanding of advanced chemistry topics.