Advance Plant Anatomy: Cork Cambium and Cork

Study Notes

Phelogen: a type of secondary meristem, located laterally, composed of rectangular cells with more vacuoles, responsible for forming cork (outside) and secondary cortex (inside).
Originates from:
- Pericycle in roots
- Hypodermis region in stems

Phellem: a permanent tissue, composed of dead cells with thickened walls containing suberin, impermeable to water and gases, and provides thermal insulation.
Functions: prevents water and gas exchange, and regulates temperature effects on inner tissues.

Composed of parenchymatic cells, differing from ordinary cortex cells in their regular strips and few layers (sometimes only one layer).
Forms at a slower rate than phellem, with an average of 1-20 layers per season of growth.
Originates from the first periderm, which is derived from the sub-epidermal layer.

Refers to all dead tissues outside the phelogen, formed when the phellogen grows into deeper layers.
Also known as outer bark, composed of alternating layers of cork and tissue cut off by the cork.

A term encompassing all tissues outside the vascular cambium of the axis, including primary and secondary phloem, cortex, periderm, and other tissues.
Contains sclerenchymatic cells, phloem fibers, and sclerides.
Can be divided into two types.
The formation of periderm involves the development of multiple layers, including:
- Epiderm: the outermost layer
- Outer layer: located immediately inside the epidermis
- Cortex: located inside the outer layer
- First cork cell: located at the bottom of the cortex
- Cork cambium: located below the first cork cell
- Phelloderm: located underneath the cork cambium