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Questions and Answers
Which type of adsorption involves stronger valence forces?
Which type of adsorption involves stronger valence forces?
At what temperature does heat of adsorption decrease rapidly?
At what temperature does heat of adsorption decrease rapidly?
Which type of adsorption forms unimolecular layers on the adsorbent surface?
Which type of adsorption forms unimolecular layers on the adsorbent surface?
Which type of adsorption is reversible?
Which type of adsorption is reversible?
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What is involved in chemisorption?
What is involved in chemisorption?
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Which process has no activation energy involved?
Which process has no activation energy involved?
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What is the main difference between adsorption and absorption?
What is the main difference between adsorption and absorption?
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Which term is customarily used when referring to a gas/solid or gas/liquid interface?
Which term is customarily used when referring to a gas/solid or gas/liquid interface?
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In adsorption, what does the term 'adsorbent' refer to?
In adsorption, what does the term 'adsorbent' refer to?
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Which of the following is an example of adsorbent?
Which of the following is an example of adsorbent?
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What is the main role of adsorption in emulsion formation and stability?
What is the main role of adsorption in emulsion formation and stability?
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Which pair represents a heterogeneous phase in the context of adsorption?
Which pair represents a heterogeneous phase in the context of adsorption?
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What term is used when there is no distinction between adsorption and absorption?
What term is used when there is no distinction between adsorption and absorption?
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Which type of adsorption occurs when the surface concentration is greater than the volume concentration?
Which type of adsorption occurs when the surface concentration is greater than the volume concentration?
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What factor affects adsorption based on the solute-solvent bonds?
What factor affects adsorption based on the solute-solvent bonds?
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What is the role of activated charcoal in respirators for civilians and forces?
What is the role of activated charcoal in respirators for civilians and forces?
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Which term is used to describe when both adsorption and absorption occur simultaneously?
Which term is used to describe when both adsorption and absorption occur simultaneously?
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What happens to adsorption if the surface concentration is less than the bulk concentration?
What happens to adsorption if the surface concentration is less than the bulk concentration?
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What factor affects the solubility of drugs by influencing ionization?
What factor affects the solubility of drugs by influencing ionization?
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Why does adsorption increase in drugs with single molecules when ionization is suppressed?
Why does adsorption increase in drugs with single molecules when ionization is suppressed?
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Which type of particles have more adsorption capacity due to increased surface area?
Which type of particles have more adsorption capacity due to increased surface area?
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How does an increase in temperature affect adsorption?
How does an increase in temperature affect adsorption?
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What happens to adsorption when pressure decreases?
What happens to adsorption when pressure decreases?
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Which factor influences the total amount of gas adsorbed by a solid?
Which factor influences the total amount of gas adsorbed by a solid?
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What is the purpose of using activated charcoal, MgO, and Tannic acid orally?
What is the purpose of using activated charcoal, MgO, and Tannic acid orally?
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How are toxic elements removed from the blood using adsorbents?
How are toxic elements removed from the blood using adsorbents?
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What is the method developed for the treatment of severe drug overdoses?
What is the method developed for the treatment of severe drug overdoses?
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How does microencapsulation of activated charcoal prevent embolism and platelet removal?
How does microencapsulation of activated charcoal prevent embolism and platelet removal?
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What is an outcome of administering drugs containing antacids and other drugs together?
What is an outcome of administering drugs containing antacids and other drugs together?
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Why does giving promazine with or without an adsorbent lead to a problem?
Why does giving promazine with or without an adsorbent lead to a problem?
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Study Notes
Types of Adsorption
- Physical Adsorption: weak intermolecular forces, small heat of adsorption (about 5 Kcal/mol), reversible, no activation energy involved, rapid at low temperature
- Chemical Adsorption (Chemisorption): stronger valence forces, large heat of adsorption (20-100 Kcal/mol), irreversible, may involve activation energy, increases with increase of temperature
Characteristics of Adsorption
- Surface phenomenon: uniform distribution of a substance through another at the surface
- Important in: adjuncts in dosage forms, penetration of molecules through biological membranes, emulsion formation, stability and dispersion of insoluble particles in liquid media
Components of Adsorption
- Adsorbent: substance that adsorbs another substance at its surface (e.g., Kaolin, pectin, attapulgite, talc, Magnesium trisilicate, Al(OH)3, Simithicone, CaCO3, Activated Charcoal)
- Adsorbate: substance that is adsorbed on the adsorbent's surface (e.g., Strychnine HCl onto Activated Charcoal)
Types of Sorption
- Sorption: when there is no distinction between adsorption and absorption, or when both occur simultaneously
- Positive Adsorption: surface concentration is greater than volume concentration
- Negative Adsorption: surface concentration is less than volume concentration
Factors Affecting Adsorption
- Solubility of adsorbate: inversely proportional to solubility (Lundelius' Rule)
- Nature of adsorbate: physio-chemical nature affects rate and capacity of adsorption
- Nature of adsorbent: surface area and physio-chemical nature affect adsorption
- Pressure: increases adsorption, decreases desorption
- Temperature: exothermic process, increases temperature decrease adsorption
- pH: affects ionization, which affects solubility of drugs
- Surface area: increases adsorption capacity
- Nature of gas: more easily liquefiable gases are more readily adsorbed
Applications of Adsorption
- Adsorption of noxious substances from the alimentary canal: uses universal antidotes like activated charcoal, MgO, and Tannic acid
- Removal of toxic elements from blood: uses hemodialysis membrane and adsorbents
- Treatment of severe drug overdoses: uses extracorporeal method (Haemoperfusion) and microencapsulation of activated charcoal
- Adsorption problems in drug formulation: effects of adsorbents on drug absorption and utilization
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Description
Learn about the surface phenomenon of adsorption where substances distribute uniformly on another surface. Explore how ions, molecules, or molecular aggregates condense on surfaces. Understand the importance of adsorption in dosage forms and biological processes.
