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Questions and Answers
Which aspect of adrenergic drugs is emphasized in the context of observed cardiovascular effects?
Which aspect of adrenergic drugs is emphasized in the context of observed cardiovascular effects?
What is the main emphasis when describing the adverse effects of adrenergic drugs?
What is the main emphasis when describing the adverse effects of adrenergic drugs?
Which drug is used for the treatment of urge incontinence due to overactive bladder?
Which drug is used for the treatment of urge incontinence due to overactive bladder?
Which drug is a selective ß2 agonist used as a tocolytic agent to suppress premature labor?
Which drug is a selective ß2 agonist used as a tocolytic agent to suppress premature labor?
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Which drug is classified as a nasal decongestant among the adrenergic drugs?
Which drug is classified as a nasal decongestant among the adrenergic drugs?
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Which drug is a cardiac stimulant and also serves as a bronchodilator among the adrenergic drugs?
Which drug is a cardiac stimulant and also serves as a bronchodilator among the adrenergic drugs?
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Which receptors does epinephrine act on to produce various cardiovascular effects?
Which receptors does epinephrine act on to produce various cardiovascular effects?
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What occurs during Dale's vasomotor reversal?
What occurs during Dale's vasomotor reversal?
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What are the predominant effects of epinephrine at low concentrations?
What are the predominant effects of epinephrine at low concentrations?
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What are the metabolic effects of epinephrine?
What are the metabolic effects of epinephrine?
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What is the therapeutic use of epinephrine?
What is the therapeutic use of epinephrine?
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Which enzyme rapidly inactivates catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Which enzyme rapidly inactivates catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine?
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What type of adrenergic drugs are rapidly inactivated by MAO & COMT?
What type of adrenergic drugs are rapidly inactivated by MAO & COMT?
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Which receptors are unmasked during Dale's vasomotor reversal?
Which receptors are unmasked during Dale's vasomotor reversal?
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What causes vasoconstriction at high doses of epinephrine?
What causes vasoconstriction at high doses of epinephrine?
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What is the onset and duration of action of orally inactive epinephrine?
What is the onset and duration of action of orally inactive epinephrine?
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What are the cardiovascular effects of epinephrine at low doses?
What are the cardiovascular effects of epinephrine at low doses?
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Which drug is used in open-angle glaucoma to decrease intraocular tension?
Which drug is used in open-angle glaucoma to decrease intraocular tension?
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Which drug is a non-catecholamine sympathomimetic that is used as a CNS stimulant in the treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy?
Which drug is a non-catecholamine sympathomimetic that is used as a CNS stimulant in the treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy?
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Which drug is a false neurotransmitter that reduces central adrenergic tone and is used as an antihypertensive drug?
Which drug is a false neurotransmitter that reduces central adrenergic tone and is used as an antihypertensive drug?
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Which drug is a local anesthetic and CNS stimulant that blocks the uptake of NE in adrenergic neurons?
Which drug is a local anesthetic and CNS stimulant that blocks the uptake of NE in adrenergic neurons?
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Which drug is a mixed-acting sympathomimetic used for bronchodilation and nasal congestion?
Which drug is a mixed-acting sympathomimetic used for bronchodilation and nasal congestion?
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Which drug is an α2-selective agonist used for hypertension with adverse effects including sedation, bradycardia, sexual dysfunction, rebound hypertension, xerostomia, and constipation?
Which drug is an α2-selective agonist used for hypertension with adverse effects including sedation, bradycardia, sexual dysfunction, rebound hypertension, xerostomia, and constipation?
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Which drug releases stored catecholamines from nerve terminals and is found in fermented foods but is not clinically used?
Which drug releases stored catecholamines from nerve terminals and is found in fermented foods but is not clinically used?
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Which drug increases the release of monoamines in the CNS and peripherally, with prominent CNS stimulatory action?
Which drug increases the release of monoamines in the CNS and peripherally, with prominent CNS stimulatory action?
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Which drug is a spasmolytic for spinal cord spasticity?
Which drug is a spasmolytic for spinal cord spasticity?
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Which drug is used for bronchodilation and suppressing the release of inflammatory mediators in the respiratory system with selective ß2 action?
Which drug is used for bronchodilation and suppressing the release of inflammatory mediators in the respiratory system with selective ß2 action?
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Which drug is an α2 agonist used for hypertension in pregnancy?
Which drug is an α2 agonist used for hypertension in pregnancy?
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Which drug is used as a nasal decongestant?
Which drug is used as a nasal decongestant?
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Which receptor does norepinephrine activate that leads to vasoconstriction and baroreceptor reflex?
Which receptor does norepinephrine activate that leads to vasoconstriction and baroreceptor reflex?
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What is the primary therapeutic use of dopamine?
What is the primary therapeutic use of dopamine?
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What is the main advantage of dobutamine over other sympathomimetic drugs?
What is the main advantage of dobutamine over other sympathomimetic drugs?
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Which drug is a selective α1 agonist and is used as a nasal decongestant?
Which drug is a selective α1 agonist and is used as a nasal decongestant?
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What is the primary effect of isoproterenol on bronchial and GI smooth muscle?
What is the primary effect of isoproterenol on bronchial and GI smooth muscle?
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What is the effect of high-dose epinephrine on blood pressure?
What is the effect of high-dose epinephrine on blood pressure?
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What is the mechanism of action of dipivefrin?
What is the mechanism of action of dipivefrin?
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Which condition is a contraindication for the use of epinephrine?
Which condition is a contraindication for the use of epinephrine?
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What is the primary adverse effect of epinephrine?
What is the primary adverse effect of epinephrine?
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What is the primary effect of norepinephrine on mean blood pressure?
What is the primary effect of norepinephrine on mean blood pressure?
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What is the primary effect of epinephrine on intraocular tension?
What is the primary effect of epinephrine on intraocular tension?
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What is the primary effect of isoproterenol on systolic blood pressure?
What is the primary effect of isoproterenol on systolic blood pressure?
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Study Notes
Adrenergic Drugs and Their Therapeutic Uses
- Clonidine is an α2-selective agonist used for hypertension, with multiple mechanisms of action including inhibition of sympathetic vasomotor centers.
- Clonidine's adverse effects include sedation, bradycardia, sexual dysfunction, rebound hypertension, xerostomia, and constipation.
- Apraclonidine is used in open-angle glaucoma to decrease intraocular tension by reducing the production of aqueous humor.
- Other α2 agonists include guanfacine, guanabenz, methyldopa (used for hypertension in pregnancy), and tizanidine (a spasmolytic for spinal cord spasticity).
- Topical sympathomimetics like naphazoline, oxymetazoline, and xylometazoline are used as nasal decongestants.
- Amphetamine is a non-catecholamine sympathomimetic drug that increases the release of monoamines in the CNS and peripherally, with prominent CNS stimulatory action.
- Amphetamine is used as a CNS stimulant in the treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy.
- Tyramine releases stored catecholamines from nerve terminals and is found in fermented foods, but is not clinically used.
- Methyldopa is a false neurotransmitter that reduces central adrenergic tone, similar to clonidine, and is used as an antihypertensive drug.
- Cocaine is a local anesthetic and CNS stimulant that blocks the uptake of NE in adrenergic neurons.
- Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are mixed-acting sympathomimetics used for bronchodilation and nasal congestion.
- Drugs with selective ß2 action like albuterol and salmeterol are used for bronchodilation and suppressing the release of inflammatory mediators in the respiratory system.
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Description
Test your knowledge of adrenergic drugs and their therapeutic uses with this quiz. Explore the mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and clinical applications of α2-selective agonists, sympathomimetics, CNS stimulants, and bronchodilators.
