Adrenergic Drugs and Autonomic Nervous System
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following types of receptors is stimulated by dopamine?

  • Beta-adrenergic receptors
  • Alpha-adrenergic receptors
  • Dopaminergic receptors (correct)
  • Cholinergic receptors

    • What is the primary function of alpha2-adrenergic receptors?

  • To cause vasodilation in all arteries
  • To control the release of neurotransmitters (correct)
  • To mimic the effects of parasympathetic neurotransmitters
  • To stimulate postsynaptic effector cells

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adrenergic drugs?

  • Cause vasoconstriction
  • Mimic the effects of SNS neurotransmitters
  • Increase blood pressure
  • Mimic the effects of PNS neurotransmitters (correct)

    • What is the name of the branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls autonomic bodily functions?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of stimulating alpha1-adrenergic receptors?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the eye?

    <p>Temporary relief of conjunctival congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sympathetic neurotransmitter?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for adrenergic drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Sympathomimetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is a cardioselective sympathomimetic?

    <p>Timolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following receptors is NOT a type of adrenergic receptor?

    <p>Cholinergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of alpha-adrenergic medications?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse assess before administering adrenergic medications?

    <p>Renal, hepatic, and cardiac function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>To regulate autonomic bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients with chronic lung disease avoid over-the-counter medications?

    <p>To avoid interactions with prescribed medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of therapeutic effect when administering adrenergic medications for cardiovascular uses?

    <p>Decreased edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse educate patients about when using metered-dose inhalers?

    <p>Proper dosing and equipment care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common contraindication for adrenergic medications?

    <p>Known drug allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should adrenergic medications be infused slowly?

    <p>To avoid dangerous cardiovascular effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a therapeutic effect of adrenergic medications in asthma?

    <p>Improved breath sounds and fewer crackles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following receptors is primarily responsible for uterine relaxation?

    <p>Beta2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of stimulation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors on smooth muscle?

    <p>Constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sympathomimetic causes the release of catecholamine from storage sites in nerve endings?

    <p>Indirect-acting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of stimulation of beta1-adrenergic receptors on the myocardium?

    <p>Increased force of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the treatment of respiratory conditions?

    <p>Albuterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of stimulation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors in the eye?

    <p>Mydriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cardiovascular indication for the use of sympathomimetics?

    <p>Treatment of shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of stimulation of beta2-adrenergic receptors on the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Decreased motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sympathomimetic binds directly to the receptor and causes a physiologic response?

    <p>Direct-acting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of stimulation of alpha1-adrenergic receptors in the bladder?

    <p>Constriction of the bladder sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Adrenergic Drugs

    • Adrenergic drugs stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and are also known as adrenergic agonists or sympathomimetics, mimicking the effects of SNS neurotransmitters.

    Autonomic Nervous System

    • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a branch of the peripheral nervous system that controls autonomic bodily functions, consisting of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). • The ANS is further subdivided into parasympathetic (cholinergic) and sympathetic (adrenergic) systems, which provide checks and balances to maintain homeostasis.

    Characteristics of Adrenergic Agonists

    • Mimic the effects of SNS neurotransmitters: catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine) • Divided into alpha-adrenergic receptors (alpha1, alpha2) and beta-adrenergic receptors (beta1, beta2, beta3)

    Alpha-Adrenergic Receptors

    • Located throughout the body • Receptors for sympathetic neurotransmitters • Divided into alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, differentiated by their location on nerves • Alpha1 receptors: located on postsynaptic effector cells, control vasoconstriction • Alpha2 receptors: located on presynaptic nerve terminals, control the release of neurotransmitters

    Beta-Adrenergic Receptors

    • Located on postsynaptic effector cells • Beta1 receptors: located primarily in the heart, stimulate cardiac muscle and increase heart rate • Beta2 receptors: located in smooth muscle of bronchioles, arterioles, and visceral organs, stimulate relaxation and dilation

    Adrenergic Agonist Responses

    • Alpha-adrenergic agonist responses: vasoconstriction, mimic naturally occurring neurotransmitters • Beta-adrenergic agonist responses: bronchial, gastrointestinal, and uterine smooth muscle relaxation, glycogenolysis, cardiac stimulation

    Responses to Stimulation

    • Cardiovascular: blood vessels (alpha1 - vasoconstriction, beta2 - vasodilation), cardiac muscle (beta1 - increased contractility), atrioventricular node (beta1 - increased heart rate) • Endocrine: liver (alpha1, beta2 - glycogenolysis), kidney (beta1 - increased renin secretion) • Gastrointestinal: muscle (alpha1, beta2 - decreased motility), genitourinary: bladder sphincter (alpha1 - constriction), penis (alpha1 - ejaculation), uterus (alpha1 - contraction, beta2 - relaxation) • Respiratory: bronchial muscles (beta2 - dilation), ocular: pupillary muscles of the iris (alpha1 - mydriasis)

    Direct-acting, Indirect-acting, and Mixed-acting Sympathomimetics

    • Direct-acting sympathomimetics: bind directly to the receptor and cause a physiologic response • Indirect-acting sympathomimetics: cause release of catecholamine from storage sites in nerve endings, which then binds to receptors • Mixed-acting sympathomimetics: directly stimulate the receptor and indirectly stimulate the receptor by causing release of stored neurotransmitters

    Drug Effects

    • Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors on smooth muscles: vasoconstriction, constriction of bladder sphincter, contraction of uterus, male ejaculation, contraction of pupillary muscles of the eye • Stimulation of beta1-adrenergic receptors on the myocardium, atrioventricular node, and sinoatrial node: cardiac stimulation (increased force of contraction, heart rate, and conduction) • Stimulation of beta2-adrenergic receptors on the airways: bronchodilation, relaxation of uterine, GI smooth muscles, glycogenolysis in the liver, and increased renin secretion in the kidneys

    Indications

    • Respiratory: bronchodilators (stimulate beta2-adrenergic receptors), treatment of nasal congestion (alpha1-adrenergic receptors) • Cardiovascular: vasoactive adrenergics (pressors, inotropes), treatment of open-angle glaucoma (alpha-adrenergic receptors)

    Contraindications and Adverse Effects

    • Known drug allergy, severe hypertension • Alpha-adrenergic: headache, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, euphoria, chest pain, vasoconstriction, reflexive bradycardia, palpitations, dysrhythmias • Beta-adrenergic drugs: mild tremors, headache, nervousness, dizziness, increased heart rate, palpitations, fluctuations of blood pressure, sweating, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps

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    Description

    Learn about adrenergic drugs, their effects on the sympathetic nervous system, and the autonomic nervous system, including its subdivisions and functions.

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