Adrenergic Agonist Agents and Neurotransmitters
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of carvedilol?

  • Nonselective beta-blocker and alpha-1 blocker (correct)
  • Selective beta-2 blocker
  • Selective beta-blocker
  • Selective alpha-1 blocker

    • What is the neurotransmitter in the central and pre-ganglionic synapse in the sympathetic system?

  • Serotonin
  • Norepinephrine
  • Dopamine
  • Acetylcholine (correct)

    • What is the type of neurotransmitter involved in the sympathetic post-ganglionic synapse?

  • Adrenergic (correct)
  • Cholinergic
  • Serotonergic
  • Dopaminergic

    • What is the number of synapses in the sympathetic system?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of action of the beta-blocking agent in the treatment of CHF?

    <p>Beta-adrenergic antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the afferent pathway in the eye?

    <p>Parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following beta-adrenergic blocking agents has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA)?

    <p>Pindolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of beta blockers in reducing blood pressure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is aclinical use of beta blockers?

    <p>Treatment of glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of beta blockers on the heart rate?

    <p>Decrease heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following beta blockers is a hybrid antihypertensive drug with alpha and beta blocking CV actions?

    <p>Labetalol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of beta blockers on the automaticity of the SA node?

    <p>Decrease automaticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following beta blockers is used to treat thyrotoxicosis?

    <p>Propranolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of indirect adrenergic agonists, such as tyramine, cocaine, and amphetamines?

    <p>They enhance the accumulation of norepinephrine by inhibiting COMT and MAO enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic use of dopamine?

    <p>Treatment of cardiogenic shock and acute heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist?

    <p>Phenylephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of fenoldopam, a selective D1 and A2 receptor agonist?

    <p>It induces vasodilation through activation of D1 and A2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor activation in the pancreas?

    <p>Decreased insulin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of reserpine, an anti-hypertensive agent?

    <p>It depletes the storage of norepinephrine from central and peripheral synapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a non-selective beta adrenergic receptor agonist?

    <p>Isoproterenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of beta 2 receptors in the context of aqueous humor production?

    <p>Increase secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response elicited by alpha 2 receptors in the context of pupil size?

    <p>Miosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of endogenous epinephrine?

    <p>Medulla of the adrenal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the side effect of epinephrine observed in 20-30% of aphakic patients?

    <p>Maculopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for 1% epinephrine?

    <p>Treatment of POAG</p> Signup and view all the answers

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