25 Questions
What is the main characteristic of carvedilol?
Nonselective beta-blocker and alpha-1 blocker
What is the neurotransmitter in the central and pre-ganglionic synapse in the sympathetic system?
Acetylcholine
What is the type of neurotransmitter involved in the sympathetic post-ganglionic synapse?
Adrenergic
What is the number of synapses in the sympathetic system?
3
What is the type of action of the beta-blocking agent in the treatment of CHF?
Beta-adrenergic antagonist
What is the afferent pathway in the eye?
Parasympathetic
Which of the following beta-adrenergic blocking agents has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA)?
Pindolol
What is the primary mechanism of beta blockers in reducing blood pressure?
All of the above
Which of the following is aclinical use of beta blockers?
Treatment of glaucoma
What is the effect of beta blockers on the heart rate?
Decrease heart rate
Which of the following beta blockers is a hybrid antihypertensive drug with alpha and beta blocking CV actions?
Labetalol
What is the effect of beta blockers on the automaticity of the SA node?
Decrease automaticity
Which of the following beta blockers is used to treat thyrotoxicosis?
Propranolol
What is the primary mechanism of action of indirect adrenergic agonists, such as tyramine, cocaine, and amphetamines?
They enhance the accumulation of norepinephrine by inhibiting COMT and MAO enzymes
What is the primary therapeutic use of dopamine?
Treatment of cardiogenic shock and acute heart failure
Which of the following is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist?
Phenylephrine
What is the mechanism of action of fenoldopam, a selective D1 and A2 receptor agonist?
It induces vasodilation through activation of D1 and A2 receptors
What is the primary effect of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor activation in the pancreas?
Decreased insulin release
What is the primary mechanism of action of reserpine, an anti-hypertensive agent?
It depletes the storage of norepinephrine from central and peripheral synapses
Which of the following is a non-selective beta adrenergic receptor agonist?
Isoproterenol
What is the primary function of beta 2 receptors in the context of aqueous humor production?
Increase secretion
What is the response elicited by alpha 2 receptors in the context of pupil size?
Miosis
What is the primary source of endogenous epinephrine?
Medulla of the adrenal gland
What is the side effect of epinephrine observed in 20-30% of aphakic patients?
Maculopathy
What is the primary indication for 1% epinephrine?
Treatment of POAG
This quiz covers the effects of adrenergic agonist agents on the nervous system, including the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and their interactions with enzymes and transporters. It also touches on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
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