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Questions and Answers
Which zona of the adrenal cortex primarily produces mineralocorticoids?
Which zona of the adrenal cortex primarily produces mineralocorticoids?
Which type of hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla?
Which type of hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla?
Where are glucocorticoids primarily produced in the adrenal cortex?
Where are glucocorticoids primarily produced in the adrenal cortex?
How is a double bond in steroid hormones indicated?
How is a double bond in steroid hormones indicated?
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Which of the following is a feature of a steroid hormone with a side chain above the hormone plane?
Which of the following is a feature of a steroid hormone with a side chain above the hormone plane?
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Which area of the adrenal cortex produces androgens to a lesser extent?
Which area of the adrenal cortex produces androgens to a lesser extent?
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Study Notes
Adrenal Gland Structure
- The adrenal gland consists of two separate endocrine organs: adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex.
Adrenal Cortex Functions
- Produces steroid hormones, which are grouped into three categories:
Mineralocorticoids
- Produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex.
Glucocorticoids
- Produced by the zona fasciculata and, to a lesser extent, by the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex.
Androgens
- Produced by the zona reticularis and, to a lesser extent, by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex.
Steroid Hormone Structure
- Characterized by a nucleus with four rings and 17 carbon atoms.
- Additional carbon atoms are found at positions 13 (C18), 10 (C19), and 17 (C20, 21, ...).
Stereochemistry of Steroid Hormones
- Side chains above the hormone plane are called β cis, while those below the plane are called α trans.
- Double bonds are represented by Δ (Delta) with the number of the preceding carbon atom (e.g., Δ5 indicates a double bond between C5 and C6).
Drawing Steroid Structures
- Carbon positions on the steroid nucleus are numbered.
- All double bonds are shown in the structure.
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Description
Learn about the two endocrine organs in the adrenal glands, their functions, and the types of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex.
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