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Questions and Answers
Which zona of the adrenal cortex primarily produces mineralocorticoids?
Which zona of the adrenal cortex primarily produces mineralocorticoids?
- Zona fasciculata
- Zona reticularis
- Zona glomerulosa (correct)
- All of the above
Which type of hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla?
Which type of hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla?
- Cortisol
- Catecholamines (correct)
- Androgens
- Aldosterone
Where are glucocorticoids primarily produced in the adrenal cortex?
Where are glucocorticoids primarily produced in the adrenal cortex?
- Zona fasciculata (correct)
- Zona reticularis
- Medulla
- Zona glomerulosa
How is a double bond in steroid hormones indicated?
How is a double bond in steroid hormones indicated?
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Which of the following is a feature of a steroid hormone with a side chain above the hormone plane?
Which of the following is a feature of a steroid hormone with a side chain above the hormone plane?
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Which area of the adrenal cortex produces androgens to a lesser extent?
Which area of the adrenal cortex produces androgens to a lesser extent?
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Study Notes
Adrenal Gland Structure
- The adrenal gland consists of two separate endocrine organs: adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex.
Adrenal Cortex Functions
- Produces steroid hormones, which are grouped into three categories:
Mineralocorticoids
- Produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex.
Glucocorticoids
- Produced by the zona fasciculata and, to a lesser extent, by the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex.
Androgens
- Produced by the zona reticularis and, to a lesser extent, by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex.
Steroid Hormone Structure
- Characterized by a nucleus with four rings and 17 carbon atoms.
- Additional carbon atoms are found at positions 13 (C18), 10 (C19), and 17 (C20, 21, ...).
Stereochemistry of Steroid Hormones
- Side chains above the hormone plane are called β cis, while those below the plane are called α trans.
- Double bonds are represented by Δ (Delta) with the number of the preceding carbon atom (e.g., Δ5 indicates a double bond between C5 and C6).
Drawing Steroid Structures
- Carbon positions on the steroid nucleus are numbered.
- All double bonds are shown in the structure.
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Description
Learn about the two endocrine organs in the adrenal glands, their functions, and the types of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex.
