PHY-C Adrenal Gland Physiology: Hormone Biosynthesis and Secretion
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of mineralocorticoids?

  • Controlling electrolyte balance (sodium and potassium) (correct)
  • Regulating blood glucose concentration
  • Influencing the response to stress
  • Increasing protein and fat metabolism

    • Which hormones are considered mineralocorticoids?

  • Cortisol and adrenaline
  • Cortisol and androgens
  • Aldosterone and cortisol (correct)
  • Aldosterone and androgens

    • From which part of the adrenal glands are mineralocorticoids primarily secreted?

  • Neural crest cells
  • Adrenal medulla
  • Suprarenal arteries
  • Adrenal cortex (correct)

    • What is the main physiological action of glucocorticoids?

    <p>Increase in blood glucose concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which embryologic origin influences the mechanisms that control glucocorticoid production?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two exceptional steroids produced by the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Glucocorticoids and aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries supply blood to the adrenal glands?

    <p>Superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mineralocorticoids?

    <p>Controlling electrolytes (Na – K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which embryologic origin influences the mechanisms that control hormone production in the adrenal glands?

    <p>Mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucocorticoids?

    <p>Regulating blood glucose concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries supply blood to the adrenal glands?

    <p>Superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mineralocorticoids in the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Control electrolytes (Na - K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex?

    <p>CYP17A1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acute regulatory mechanism for the production of cathecolamines?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineralocorticoid receptor is primarily located in the cytoplasm and translocates into the nucleus upon activation?

    <p>Mineralocorticoid receptor type 1 (MR1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones are regulated by independent mechanisms in the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Aldosterone and glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between acute and chronic stimulation in steroidogenesis?

    <p>Acute regulation involves rapid production in response to immediate needs, while chronic stimulation enhances synthetic capacity over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pituitary hormone is primarily involved in regulating glucocorticoid synthesis in the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the initial step of steroid hormone synthesis located in adrenal cortex cells?

    <p>In the mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the STeroid Acute Regulatory (STAR) protein in steroid hormone synthesis?

    <p>Catalyzing the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme system catalyzes the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone or 17α-OHpregnenolone?

    <p>3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Zona glomerulosa and Zona fasciculata in terms of enzyme activity?

    <p>Zona glomerulosa has aldosterone synthase activity, while Zona fasciculata has 17α-hydroxylase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the release of cortisol following a surge in ACTH?

    <p>Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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