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Questions and Answers
How often should height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) be assessed in adolescents?
At what age should total cholesterol and triglycerides be screened for the first time in adolescents?
When is a Pap test or pelvic examination first recommended for females?
How frequently should audiometer testing be conducted for adolescents?
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What annual test is recommended for sexually active adolescents to screen for bacteriuria?
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What is a potential consequence of bullying behavior in adolescents?
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Why might adolescents struggle with emancipation from their parents?
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What role does open dialogue play in adolescent development?
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What factor can influence an adolescent's interest in education?
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Which of the following may complicate the parent-adolescent relationship during adolescence?
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What is a common response of adolescents when they gain a new privilege?
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What should parents consider when granting freedom to their adolescent children?
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How does seeking multiple roles impact adolescents during self-discovery?
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What is a potential consequence of adolescents excessively dieting?
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Which nutrient is specifically highlighted as being necessary for females during adolescence due to menstruation?
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Which of the following strategies can help parents ensure their adolescents eat healthily?
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Why is it essential for adolescents to consume a variety of food sources?
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What can excessive omission of certain food groups in a diet lead to?
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What is a common dietary deficiency in adolescent diets?
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What role does zinc play in adolescent development?
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What behavioral change is commonly associated with adolescent rebellion regarding food?
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What common nursing diagnosis relates to adolescents experiencing low self-esteem due to physical appearance?
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Why is it essential to include adolescents in planning their care?
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What can improve the likelihood of adolescents adhering to healthcare plans?
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What type of contract may be most effective in reaching mutual understanding with adolescents regarding medication adherence?
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Which nursing diagnosis addresses concerns related to normal growth and development in adolescents?
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How do adolescents generally feel about tasks assigned to them by adults?
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What risk is associated with adolescents and sexual activity according to nursing diagnoses?
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What behavior might hinder an adult's effectiveness in advising adolescents about smoking cessation?
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What is one recommended strategy to help adolescents decrease overeating?
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Which location is suggested for adolescents to consistently eat in to help manage their eating habits?
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What is a realistic goal for adolescents struggling with weight reduction?
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What percentage of U.S. high school students reported having sexual intercourse, according to a 2015 CDC survey?
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Which group accounted for a significant percentage of new HIV diagnoses in 2014?
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What is a common reason adolescents consent to sexual intercourse even if they do not truly want to?
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What approach should a nurse take when discussing sexuality with adolescents?
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How should counseling be utilized for adolescents concerning sexuality?
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Study Notes
Adolescent Health Care
- Adolescents require health assurance and encouragement regarding their changing bodies.
- Common nursing diagnoses for adolescents include health-seeking behaviors, low self-esteem, anxiety, risk for injury, risk for disease and readiness for enhanced parenting.
- Adolescents are strongly motivated by independence and desire to fit in with their peers.
- Engaging adolescents in their care plans will make them more likely to adhere to the plan.
- Adolescents are more inclined to follow regimens that offer immediate results, while regimens that focus on long-term benefits may not be as effective.
- It is crucial to encourage healthy habits such as eating well and not smoking, but these messages should be presented with short-term benefits in mind.
Adolescent Development
- Adolescents tend to struggle with tasks that they perceive as being imposed upon them and are more receptive to participating in their own care plan.
- Bullying behavior may be directed at individuals who don’t conform to peer groups, and appropriate interventions should be initiated.
- During adolescence, individuals explore their sexual preferences and may question their gender identity.
- Open dialogue can help adolescents process their feelings and establish their own identity.
- Counseling can be beneficial for families struggling to communicate effectively.
Career Decisions
- Adolescents may explore different careers and roles during their self-discovery process, typically taking several years to find a fulfilling path.
- Increased interest in learning often arises when adolescents connect education to their chosen career goals.
Emancipation from Parents
- During middle and late adolescence, the desire for independence from parents can present challenges for both parties.
- Adolescents may engage in conflict to assert their independence, even if they don't end up fully utilizing their newfound freedoms.
- Strong parental ties can often lead to more intense struggles for independence.
- Parents can encourage healthy independence by giving adolescents more freedom in areas such as clothing choices and extracurricular activities, while maintaining reasonable boundaries.
Nutrition and Weight
- Refusal to eat foods advocated by parents is a common form of adolescent rebellion.
- Parents can encourage healthy eating by offering nutritious options and involving adolescents in food planning.
- Prepubertal weight changes may lead adolescents to engage in restrictive diets, sometimes developing eating disorders such as bulimia or anorexia.
- Weight-loss diets should be supervised to ensure adequate calorie and nutrient intake for growth.
Nutritional Needs
- Adolescents require an increased calorie intake to support rapid growth.
- Diets should be diverse to provide sufficient carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins, and minerals.
- Iron, calcium, and zinc are commonly deficient in adolescent diets.
- Iron is crucial for expanding blood volume, particularly for females due to menstruation.
- Calcium and vitamin D are essential for rapid skeletal growth and osteoporosis prevention.
- Zinc is vital for sexual maturation and final body growth.
Health Maintenance Schedule for Adolescents:
- Developmental milestones should be assessed at every visit through history taking and observation.
- Height and weight should be tracked on standard growth charts, with body mass index (BMI) and physical examination conducted at every visit.
- Blood pressure should be checked at every visit.
- Nutritional history, observation, height/weight, and BMI information should be collected at every visit.
- Total cholesterol and triglycerides should be checked at age 18, or earlier if family members have dyslipidemia.
- Parent-child relationship should be assessed at every visit through history taking and observation.
- Behavioral or school problems should be assessed at every visit through history taking and observation.
- Substance use disorder should be assessed at every visit through history taking and observation.
- Vision and hearing should be assessed at every visit, with formal Snellen or Titmus testing at age 15 and 18, and audiometer testing if concerns are present.
- Dental health should be assessed at every visit, and annual checkups with a dental health provider are recommended..
- Cervical dysplasia (scoliosis) should be assessed at every visit at least until age 16.
- Thyroid disease should be assessed at every visit through physical examination and history.
- Tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD) test should be administered depending on the prevalence of tuberculosis in the community.
- Bacteriuria dipstick test should be conducted annually for adolescents who are sexually active.
- Hematocrit or hemoglobin tests should be conducted annually for menstruating females to detect anemia.
- Pap test and pelvic examination are recommended three years after first intercourse or at age 21.
- Sexually transmitted disease history and observation should be conducted at every visit for sexually active individuals.
- Immunizations should be administered according to healthcare agency policies, with caregivers informed of any risks and side effects.
Weight Management Strategies
- Adolescents can manage overeating by keeping a detailed log of their food intake, eating in a designated spot, and slowing their eating process.
- Weight reduction may not be effective for all adolescents.
- A realistic goal may be to prevent additional weight gain until adulthood.
Sexuality and Sexual Health
- Adolescents who engage in sexual risk behaviors are at risk for unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV.
- The CDC survey reported that 41% of U.S. high school students have had sexual intercourse, with 30% engaging in intercourse in the past 3 months.
- 43% of sexually active adolescents did not use a condom during their last sexual encounter.
- Only 10% of adolescents have ever been tested for HIV.
- Adolescents and young adults aged 13-24 accounted for 22% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States in 2014, with gay and bisexual males accounting for 80% of these diagnoses.
- Nearly 20 million diagnoses of STIs were reported in 2014, with half of these being in adolescents and young adults aged 15-24.
- Nearly 250,000 births were to girls aged 15-24 in 2014.
- Nurses should avoid assumptions about the gender of an adolescent's partner when discussing sexuality.
- Open ended questions promote open communication and encourage questions.
- Counseling can assist adolescents in developing perspective and learning how to say no.
- Common reasons for adolescents agreeing to intercourse when they don't want to include peer pressure, curiosity, and affection for their partner.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts of adolescent health care and development, focusing on the nursing diagnoses relevant to this age group. It highlights the importance of engaging adolescents in their care plans and encouraging healthy habits by emphasizing immediate benefits. Test your knowledge on how to best support adolescents during this crucial phase of their lives.
