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Questions and Answers
What is the average age of menarche?
What is the average age of menarche?
Which of the following is the first sign of male puberty?
Which of the following is the first sign of male puberty?
What is a major task of adolescence?
What is a major task of adolescence?
At what age is abstract reasoning typically attained in adolescents?
At what age is abstract reasoning typically attained in adolescents?
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Which of the following should be included in the initial health assessment of an adolescent?
Which of the following should be included in the initial health assessment of an adolescent?
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Which factor becomes particularly influential during adolescence?
Which factor becomes particularly influential during adolescence?
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What should be done if an adolescent feels embarrassed during an evaluation?
What should be done if an adolescent feels embarrassed during an evaluation?
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What is a common characteristic of adolescent reasoning?
What is a common characteristic of adolescent reasoning?
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Which symptom indicates the need for additional workup in male adolescents?
Which symptom indicates the need for additional workup in male adolescents?
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What does the Sexual Maturation Scale (SMS) or Tanner Stages help track?
What does the Sexual Maturation Scale (SMS) or Tanner Stages help track?
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What is typically the first step in an adolescent health assessment?
What is typically the first step in an adolescent health assessment?
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At what stage does the ability to create general principles typically develop?
At what stage does the ability to create general principles typically develop?
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Which element should be included when using the HEADSSS tool for assessment?
Which element should be included when using the HEADSSS tool for assessment?
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What is a distinguishing factor of adolescent egocentrism?
What is a distinguishing factor of adolescent egocentrism?
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What is a normal emotional response in adolescents towards parents?
What is a normal emotional response in adolescents towards parents?
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What is a common emotional behavior observed in adolescents?
What is a common emotional behavior observed in adolescents?
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Which age marks the typical onset of abstract reasoning in adolescents?
Which age marks the typical onset of abstract reasoning in adolescents?
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What is one of the major tasks adolescents face during this developmental stage?
What is one of the major tasks adolescents face during this developmental stage?
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What behavior might indicate an adolescent's egocentrism?
What behavior might indicate an adolescent's egocentrism?
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When assessing an adolescent's health, what approach is recommended to enhance communication?
When assessing an adolescent's health, what approach is recommended to enhance communication?
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What is a necessary action if breast development begins for girls at age 8?
What is a necessary action if breast development begins for girls at age 8?
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Which area should be assessed using the HEADSSS framework?
Which area should be assessed using the HEADSSS framework?
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What should be done if testicular enlargement occurs prior to the age of 9?
What should be done if testicular enlargement occurs prior to the age of 9?
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Which factor contributes to an adolescent's sensitivity to peer opinion?
Which factor contributes to an adolescent's sensitivity to peer opinion?
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Why is it important to conduct the initial health assessment with a parent present?
Why is it important to conduct the initial health assessment with a parent present?
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Which of the following describes a cognitive characteristic typically observed in adolescents?
Which of the following describes a cognitive characteristic typically observed in adolescents?
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What is a significant emotional response often observed in adolescents towards their parents?
What is a significant emotional response often observed in adolescents towards their parents?
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What is the impact of egocentrism on adolescent behavior?
What is the impact of egocentrism on adolescent behavior?
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When assessing an adolescent’s health using the HEADSSS tool, which aspect focuses on their academic and personal development?
When assessing an adolescent’s health using the HEADSSS tool, which aspect focuses on their academic and personal development?
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In early adolescence, what is a typical sign that indicates the need for further evaluation?
In early adolescence, what is a typical sign that indicates the need for further evaluation?
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What role does a parent play during the initial health assessment of an adolescent?
What role does a parent play during the initial health assessment of an adolescent?
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How can significant embarrassment in an adolescent during evaluation be addressed?
How can significant embarrassment in an adolescent during evaluation be addressed?
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What is an essential task of health assessment including mental health aspects in adolescents?
What is an essential task of health assessment including mental health aspects in adolescents?
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Which stage of development involves tracking puberty changes through the Tanner Stages?
Which stage of development involves tracking puberty changes through the Tanner Stages?
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What cognitive trait marks the ability to form and understand complex principles by age 15 in adolescents?
What cognitive trait marks the ability to form and understand complex principles by age 15 in adolescents?
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Study Notes
Adolescent Health Assessment
- Comprehensive health history is taken; parents are present for initial interviews, covering family practices, medical, mental, and surgical history.
- Assessing family practices (household smoking, dietary habits, safety rules) aids in understanding the patient's environment.
- Patient's concerns are first discussed with parents, then the patient is interviewed alone for privacy.
- Physical examination includes vision and hearing checks.
- A pneumonic, HEADSSS FIRST, is used to guide further questioning about specific areas (home environment, education, eating habits, peer activities, drugs, sexuality, suicide, depression, and safety/violence).
- Substance use is assessed using CRAFT.
- Depression is assessed using PHQ-2 and PHQ-9.
- Anxiety is assessed using GAD-7.
- Sexual health includes discussing contraception and condom use; adolescents can seek care without parental consent.
- Physical examinations include vital signs, BMI, and potentially STI screening (e.g. PAP test at age 21).
- Pre-college visits involve immunizations, anticipatory guidance on contraception, STI risks, and prevention, sexual behaviors, preventing sexual assault, cardiovascular health (diet, exercise), injury prevention, and mental health.
Adolescent Development
- Adolescents are capable of abstract reasoning, often exhibited in academic settings but not as consistently in everyday situations.
- Emotional reasoning can be egocentric, leading to risk-taking behaviors frequently during their developmental stage.
- The major task of adolescence is identity formation.
- Most exasperating for parents is that adolescents may reason well academically but struggle with personal and social reasoning, (arguing, tantrums, emotional outbursts are common).
- Adolescents also exhibit egocentric thinking, which can contribute to risk-taking behaviors.
- Adolescents may show illogical thinking in personal matters, despite sound reasoning in other areas. (ex. arguing, tantrums, emotional outbursts are normal)
Puberty
- Average menarche age is 12.1 years old.
- Testicular enlargement is the earliest sign of male puberty.
- Puberty progression, including breast development in girls and testicular enlargement in boys, is tracked using the Sexual Maturity Scale (SMS) or Tanner Stages.
- If testicular enlargement occurs before age 9 or if breast development begins before age 13, further assessment is necessary.
- If there is no sign of puberty by age 14 in boys or 13 in girls, further assessment is necessary.
Recommendations
- Tuberculosis (TB) screening is recommended for those in college, employment, high-risk close contact situations, those from countries with high TB prevalence, or in medically underserved/low-income populations.
- Meningococcal vaccination is administered at age 11-12 and 16.
- Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap) booster is given at ages 7-10 and again, 11-12.
- TB screening is also recommended for those in close contact with TB-infected individuals, those in medically underserved areas, and people exposed to TB in high-prevalence areas, relevant for college or employment.
- MCV (Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine) is recommended at ages 11-12 and 16.
- Tdap (Tetanus, Diptheria, Pertussis) booster is recommended at ages 7-10 and 11 -12.
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Description
This quiz covers essential aspects of adolescent health assessments, including health history, family practices, and physical examinations. It also explores screening tools like HEADSSS, CRAFT, PHQ-2, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 used during assessments for various health concerns. Understanding these components is vital for effective adolescent healthcare delivery.
