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Questions and Answers
What is a defining characteristic of early adolescence in relation to self-perception?
During which stage do adolescents transition from comparing their appearance to focusing on grooming?
What percentage of adolescents is reported to suffer from acne during this developmental period?
What happens to adolescents' sleep patterns during puberty?
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Which physical change typically characterizes the puberty stage for boys?
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What stage of cognitive development is characterized by logical thinking and hypothetical-deductive reasoning?
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Which of the following describes the adolescent fable?
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What is an indicator of early adolescence according to psychosocial development?
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Which component is NOT part of self-identity formation during psychosocial development?
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During early adolescence, youth are likely to display which of the following behaviors?
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In terms of decision-making, what new ability do adolescents develop?
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What characterizes the thinking process of adolescents according to the descriptions of their cognitive abilities?
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What is the recommended amount of sleep for teenagers each night?
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Which of the following activities is NOT mentioned as a potential resource for teens and families?
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What role does occupational therapy (OT) play in addressing sleep issues for teens?
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Which peer pressure management strategy is recommended for teens?
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How do rest and sleep affect teen functional performance according to the content?
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What is one of the main roles of occupational therapy (OT) for adolescents?
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Which of the following best defines Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)?
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How might neuromuscular disorders affect an adolescent's life?
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Which skill is important for adolescents to manage their health independently?
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What could be a potential need for adolescents with difficulties in ADLs?
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In addition to managing their health, what is another important focus for adolescents learning to live independently?
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What might be a consequence of not being able to perform ADLs independently?
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What is a likely challenge for adolescents with neuromuscular disorders regarding ADLs?
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Which aspect of wellness is crucial for adolescents managing their own health?
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What role does OT play in assisting adolescents with ADLs?
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Study Notes
Adolescent Development
- Adolescences is defined as the ages between 13-19 years, Pre- Adolescence is between 9-12 years.
- Characterized by intense physical growth, physiologic changes (puberty), and psychosocial development.
Tweens
- Peer groups play a key role in social interactions
- Communication is focused on talking and joking
- Physical appearance becomes more important
- Express themselves through clothing
- Share less with adults
- Video games and social media become important
- Develop cooperative and less impulsive behaviors, forming competitive relationships
Physical Development
- Puberty onset in girls is between 8 and 13 years with the average age for the first period between 9 and 13 years.
- Puberty onset in boys is between 11-12 years.
- Adolescences gain 50% of their adult weight and 20% of their adult height during this time.
- Bones elongate and widen, muscles become stronger and larger.
- Sleep patterns shift by about two hours, disrupting the internal clock.
Development of Body Image - Early Adolescence
- Focus on self and self-evaluation of attractiveness
- Compare themselves to peers in regards to appearance, body shape, and size
- Interested in their own sexual development and that of their peers
- Anxious about sexual development
Development of Body Image - Middle Adolescence
- Have finished puberty and begin to accept their bodies
- Shift from focusing on appearance to grooming
- Eating disorders and body image disorders begin to emerge
Cognitive Development
- The prefrontal lobe increases development leading to advancements in abstract reasoning, processing speed, and response inhibition.
- Piaget labeled this "formal operations" with logical thinking, symbolic thinking, and hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
- Develop a sense of time and are interested in the future, understanding consequences of actions and incorporating values into decision-making.
Adolescences Fable
- Believe they are indestructible, engaging in risky behaviors, believing "they can do anything" and that "everyone is watching them".
Psychosocial Development - Self-Identity
- Individualistic Component: Who am I? (Self-concept)
- Contextual Component: Where and How do I fit in? (Understanding their values, beliefs, interests, and social norms within their roles - friend, employee, student, etc.)
Psychosocial Development - Characteristics - Early Adolescence
- Obsessed with self and emotionally separate from parents, with less family participation
- Less affection toward parents, challenge rules, experience mood and behavior swings
- Mostly same-sex friendships, peers become paramount
- Abstract thinking emerges, exploration of sexual feelings, need privacy
- Cannot think beyond what they want, impacting communication, medication management and health care
ADLs - Activities of Daily Living
- Routine activities people do every day independently
- Essentail to live in a social world and account for over 50% of teen waking hours
- Activities include sports, video games, TV, phone/social media, bands, scouts, clubs.
- OTs address performance skills needed to participate in ADLs across environments, teaching assistive technology if needed.
Social Participation
- Engaging in social interaction with others within their community, including peer group activities and intimate partner relationships.
- Peer group activities are paramount and teens want to "fit in"
- OTs address skills needed to participate in social situations within various environments, make accommodations when possible, and educate teens on how to handle peer pressure in a healthy way.
Rest & Sleep
- Critical to occupational performance and significantly impacts functional performance in self-care, work, and leisure.
- Teens should get 9-10 hours of rest a night, but teens sleep an average of 7-7.5 hours a night.
- Deficient sleep leads to irritability, moodiness, poor academic performance, injury risk, fatal car accidents, obesity risk, diabetes risk, attention and behavior problems, poor mental health, and depression or suicidal thoughts.
- OTs educate teens and caregivers on sleep misconceptions, address secondary conditions impacting sleep quality, modify environments, and promote sleep routines.
Contexts of Adolescence
- Home, school, friends' homes, church, work environment, community groups, sports teams, virtual world (internet, social media, platforms)
Barriers to Adolescent Development
- Low socioeconomic status
- Non-supportive family environment
- Poor educational environment
- Unsafe neighborhood, home, or school
- Non-accessible resources
- Not belonging to a peer group/isolation
- Substance abuse
- Trauma
- Depression
- Delinquency/school dropout
Facilitators for Healthy Adolescent Development
- Positive supportive family that allows adolescents to explore with guidance, good role models, supportive peers, positive and available adults, mentors, and membership in desirable social groups.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the stages of adolescent development, including pre-adolescence and the key characteristics of tweens. Explore the physical changes during puberty and the impact of social interactions in this critical growth phase. Prepare to dive into the fascinating world of adolescent growth and development!
