Adjectives in Spanish Grammar

Adjective in Spanish

• An adjective is a type of word that modifies a noun, always accompanying it.
• It adds a quality, property, or information about the noun, and agrees with the noun in gender and number.
• Adjectives are variable words, accepting morphemes of gender and number.

Invariable Adjectives

• Some adjectives are invariable in terms of gender, such as "posible" and "amable".
• These adjectives do not change form when accompanying a noun of a different gender.

Classification of Adjectives

• Adjectives can be classified according to their meaning.
• There are two main groups: qualitative and relational adjectives.

Qualitative Adjectives

• Qualitative adjectives provide a quality or property about the noun.
• They can be further divided into specificative and explicative adjectives.
• Specificative adjectives specify a particular characteristic of the noun.
• Explicative adjectives provide additional information about the noun.

Relational Adjectives

• Relational adjectives express a relationship between the adjective and the noun.
• They indicate a connection or belonging to the noun.
• Relational adjectives do not admit degrees.

Degrees of Adjectives

• Adjectives can have different degrees: positive, comparative, and superlative.
• Positive degree is the basic form of the adjective.
• Comparative degree is used to compare two nouns.
• Superlative degree is the highest degree of the adjective.
• Some adjectives have special forms for different degrees.

Morphological Analysis of Adjectives

• To analyze an adjective, identify the noun it modifies, its gender, and number.
• Determine whether the adjective is qualitative or relational.
• If qualitative, identify the degree of the adjective (positive, comparative, or superlative).
• Examples of adjective analysis are provided in the text.

What is an Adjective?

• An adjective is a type of word that modifies a noun, always accompanying it.
• Adjectives add a quality, property, or information about the noun, and agree with the noun in gender and number.
• Adjectives are variable words, accepting morphemes of gender and number.

Types of Adjectives

Invariable Adjectives

• Some adjectives are invariable in terms of gender, such as "posible" and "amable".
• These adjectives do not change form when accompanying a noun of a different gender.

Classification of Adjectives

• Adjectives can be classified according to their meaning, with two main groups: qualitative and relational adjectives.

Qualitative Adjectives

• Qualitative adjectives provide a quality or property about the noun.
• They can be further divided into specificative and explicative adjectives.
• Specificative adjectives specify a particular characteristic of the noun.
• Explicative adjectives provide additional information about the noun.

Relational Adjectives

• Relational adjectives express a relationship between the adjective and the noun.
• They indicate a connection or belonging to the noun.
• Relational adjectives do not admit degrees.

Degrees of Adjectives

• Adjectives can have different degrees: positive, comparative, and superlative.
• Positive degree is the basic form of the adjective.
• Comparative degree is used to compare two nouns.
• Superlative degree is the highest degree of the adjective.
• Some adjectives have special forms for different degrees.

Analyzing Adjectives

• To analyze an adjective, identify the noun it modifies, its gender, and number.
• Determine whether the adjective is qualitative or relational.
• If qualitative, identify the degree of the adjective (positive, comparative, or superlative).

Adjective

• An adjective is a type of word that modifies a noun, always accompanying a noun.
• It provides a quality, property, or information about the noun it accompanies.
• It agrees with the noun in gender and number.

Classification by Meaning

• Adjectives are classified according to their meaning into two main groups: qualitative and relational.

Qualitative Adjectives

• Qualitative adjectives provide a quality or property of the noun they accompany.
• They are divided into specific and explanatory.
• Specific adjectives specify a property or characteristic of the noun (e.g., "cold coffee" specifies that the coffee is cold).
• Explanatory adjectives explain something inherent to the noun (e.g., "a cold winter" explains that the winter is cold).

Relational Adjectives

• Relational adjectives express the connection between the adjective and the noun.
• They indicate possession or relationship with the noun (e.g., "police intervention" indicates that the intervention belongs to the police).
• They do not admit degree.

Degrees of the Adjective

• There are three degrees: positive, comparative, and superlative.
• The positive degree is the ungraded degree (e.g., "tall boy").
• The comparative degree refers to the comparison between nouns (e.g., "the boy is taller than his brother").
• The superlative degree is the maximum degree (e.g., "the boy is the tallest").
• Some adjectives have special forms for different degrees (e.g., "good" -> "better" -> "optimal").

Morphological Analysis

• Morphological analysis of an adjective involves determining its gender, number, meaning, and degree.
• The context and the noun accompanied by the adjective must be considered.