Adjectives in English Grammar

Adjectives

• Adjectives are words that modify nouns or pronouns.
• They are descriptive words that add information.
• They help the reader visualize the things being described more fully.
• Adjectives usually come before the nouns they modify.

Examples of Adjectives in Sentences

• Have you met our new hardworking school principal?
• My favorite flavor of cake is black forest.

Descriptive Adjectives

• Describe qualities of a noun, answering the question "What kind is it?".
• Describe size, age, shape, color, material, origin, and purpose of the noun.

Examples of Descriptive Adjectives

• We ate some delicious food.
• He has a beautiful face.
• She is a clever student.
• Give me that green notebook.
• He bought a diamond ring.

Limiting Adjectives

• Answer the questions "How many are there?" and "Which one is it?".
• Restrict or quantify a noun rather than describing it.

Examples of Limiting Adjectives

• There are thirty students.
• He read several books.
• He brought some cheese.
• They ate half of the pizza.
• His office is on the first floor.

Additional Information

• Adjectives can also be placed after the nouns they modify.
• Linking verbs describe a state of being, rather than action.
• Common linking verbs include "to be," "appear," "seem," "look," "smell," "sound," and "taste".
• Example: Do you also think that sunsets look beautiful?

Friendly

• Using descriptive language helps to draw the reader into the story.
• Colorful and concrete words create vivid images in the reader's mind.
• The vivid imagery helps the reader appreciate the ideas presented in the story.

Adverbs

• Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
• They answer questions like how, how often, where, and when.
• Adverbs can be placed before or after the verb, or at the beginning or end of a sentence, depending on the context.

Adverbs of Time and Frequency

• Describe when or how long a certain event happened.
• Examples: always, never, often, eventually, now, frequently, occasionally, once, forever, seldom, before, 10 AM, Sunday.

Adverbs of Manner

• Express the manner, approach, or process of the action in a sentence.
• Answer the question "How is the action performed?".
• Examples: beautifully, equally, thankfully, carefully, quickly, coldly, slowly, resentfully, nicely, tirelessly, stealthily, healthily, patiently.

Adverbs of Place

• Indicate place or direction of the action in a sentence.
• Examples: across, over, under, in, out, through, backward, there, around, here, sideways, behind, beside.

Adverbs of Degree

• Express the importance, degree, or level of the action in a sentence.
• Examples: completely, nearly, entirely, less, mildly, thoroughly, somewhat, excessively, almost, barely, highly, quite, slightly.

Examples of Adverbs of Degree

• The pandemic has changed our lives completely.
• You almost broke my hand!

Figures of Speech

• Go beyond the literal meaning of words.
• Add richness to a story, clarifying, expanding, and deepening the meaning expressed.

Simile

• Uses "like" or "as" to compare two ideas.
• Example: Brent is as brave as a lion. He cries like a baby.

Metaphor

• Makes a direct comparison of two things.
• Example: Life is a rollercoaster. She is an angel in disguise.

Personification

• Gives human attributes to inanimate objects.
• Example: The sun bids goodbye. Lightning danced across the sky.