Adjectives Comparison and Superlatives

Usage Examples

• Comparative: Used to compare two things.
  • Example: "She is taller than her brother."
• Superlative: Used to express the highest degree among three or more items.
  • Example: "He is the fastest runner in the team."

Formation Rules

1. One-syllable adjectives: Add "-er" for comparatives and "-est" for superlatives.
   • Example: "small" → "smaller," "smallest."
2. Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y: Change "-y" to "-i" and add "-er" or "-est."
   • Example: "happy" → "happier," "happiest."
3. Two-syllable adjectives not ending in -y and three or more syllables: Use "more" for comparatives and "most" for superlatives.
   • Example: "beautiful" → "more beautiful," "most beautiful."

Common Mistakes

• Confusing comparatives and superlatives.
  • Incorrect: "She is the smarter of the two."
  • Correct: "She is smarter than her sister." (Comparative context)
• Using "more" or "most" with one-syllable adjectives.
  • Incorrect: "He is more tall."
  • Correct: "He is taller."

Irregular Forms

• Some adjectives do not follow standard formation rules:
  • Good → Better (comparative), Best (superlative)
  • Bad → Worse (comparative), Worst (superlative)
  • Far → Farther/Further (comparative), Farthest/Furthest (superlative)

Adjective Types

1. Descriptive Adjectives: Describe qualities or states.
   • Examples: "happy," "sad," "big."
2. Quantitative Adjectives: Indicate quantity.
   • Examples: "some," "many," "few."
3. Demonstrative Adjectives: Point out specific things.
   • Examples: "this," "that," "these," "those."
4. Possessive Adjectives: Show ownership.
   • Examples: "my," "your," "his," "her."
5. Interrogative Adjectives: Used in questions.
   • Examples: "which," "what," "whose."

Usage of Adjectives

• Comparative Form: Used to compare two entities, e.g., "She is taller than her brother."
• Superlative Form: Used to indicate the highest degree among three or more entities, e.g., "He is the fastest runner in the team."

Formation Rules

• One-Syllable Adjectives: Form comparatives by adding "-er" and superlatives with "-est."
  • Example: "small" becomes "smaller" and "smallest."
• Two-Syllable Adjectives Ending in -y: Change "-y" to "-i" and add "-er" or "-est."
  • Example: "happy" transforms into "happier" and "happiest."
• Two-Syllable Adjectives Not Ending in -y and Adjectives with Three or More Syllables: Use "more" for comparatives and "most" for superlatives.
  • Example: "beautiful" changes to "more beautiful" and "most beautiful."

Common Mistakes

• Misuse of Comparatives and Superlatives: Avoid confusing their forms.
  • Incorrect: "She is the smarter of the two."
  • Correct: "She is smarter than her sister."
• Use of "more" or "most" with One-Syllable Adjectives: They should not be combined.
  • Incorrect: "He is more tall."
  • Correct: "He is taller."

Irregular Forms of Adjectives

• Certain adjectives have unique forms:
  • "Good" changes to "Better" (comparative) and "Best" (superlative).
  • "Bad" changes to "Worse" (comparative) and "Worst" (superlative).
  • "Far" can be "Farther" or "Further" (comparative) and "Farthest" or "Furthest" (superlative).

Types of Adjectives

• Descriptive Adjectives: Describe qualities or states, e.g., "happy," "sad," "big."
• Quantitative Adjectives: Indicate quantity, e.g., "some," "many," "few."
• Demonstrative Adjectives: Specify particular items, e.g., "this," "that," "these," "those."
• Possessive Adjectives: Indicate ownership, e.g., "my," "your," "his," "her."
• Interrogative Adjectives: Used to form questions, e.g., "which," "what," "whose."