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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a reduced adjective clause in a sentence?
What is the primary function of a reduced adjective clause in a sentence?
To make the sentence more concise while maintaining clarity.
Explain the typical process of reducing an adjective clause when the relative pronoun is followed by a form of the verb 'be'.
Explain the typical process of reducing an adjective clause when the relative pronoun is followed by a form of the verb 'be'.
Omit the relative pronoun and the 'be' verb. If the main verb is active, change it to its '-ing' form.
How should you reduce an adjective clause that is in the passive voice?
How should you reduce an adjective clause that is in the passive voice?
Omit the relative pronoun and the 'be' verb, leaving the past participle form of the verb.
Why can't 'that' clauses providing essential information typically be reduced?
Why can't 'that' clauses providing essential information typically be reduced?
Give an example of a sentence with an adjective clause that cannot be reduced and explain why it cannot be reduced.
Give an example of a sentence with an adjective clause that cannot be reduced and explain why it cannot be reduced.
What is a potential risk of reducing adjective clauses, and how can you avoid it?
What is a potential risk of reducing adjective clauses, and how can you avoid it?
Explain why reduced adjective clauses are useful in writing.
Explain why reduced adjective clauses are useful in writing.
Provide the reduced form of this sentence: 'The papers which were submitted late will not be graded'.
Provide the reduced form of this sentence: 'The papers which were submitted late will not be graded'.
Convert the following sentence to include a reduced adjective clause: 'The students who are attending the lecture will receive extra credit'.
Convert the following sentence to include a reduced adjective clause: 'The students who are attending the lecture will receive extra credit'.
Identify which part of the following sentence is the reduced adjective clause: 'The building damaged by the fire has been rebuilt'.
Identify which part of the following sentence is the reduced adjective clause: 'The building damaged by the fire has been rebuilt'.
When reducing adjective clauses, what must you be careful about when the adjective clause modifies the subject of the sentence?
When reducing adjective clauses, what must you be careful about when the adjective clause modifies the subject of the sentence?
Describe a scenario where it would be better to use a full adjective clause rather than a reduced one.
Describe a scenario where it would be better to use a full adjective clause rather than a reduced one.
What is the original adjective clause in the following sentence with a reduced clause: 'The project completed on time received a high grade.'?
What is the original adjective clause in the following sentence with a reduced clause: 'The project completed on time received a high grade.'?
In the sentence, "The report, including detailed analysis, was well-received", what was the adjective clause before reduction?
In the sentence, "The report, including detailed analysis, was well-received", what was the adjective clause before reduction?
Explain the difference in structure between reducing active and passive adjective clauses.
Explain the difference in structure between reducing active and passive adjective clauses.
Provide a sentence containing an adjective clause and its reduced form. Identify both.
Provide a sentence containing an adjective clause and its reduced form. Identify both.
Why is it important to maintain clarity when using reduced adjective clauses?
Why is it important to maintain clarity when using reduced adjective clauses?
Describe a situation where reducing an adjective clause changes the intended meaning of a sentence. Provide an original and 'changed meaning' sentence.
Describe a situation where reducing an adjective clause changes the intended meaning of a sentence. Provide an original and 'changed meaning' sentence.
Using the concept of reduced adjective clauses, rewrite the following sentence to be more concise: "The cookies that were baked this morning are delicious."
Using the concept of reduced adjective clauses, rewrite the following sentence to be more concise: "The cookies that were baked this morning are delicious."
Which relative pronouns or relative adverbs are typically omitted when reducing adjective clauses?
Which relative pronouns or relative adverbs are typically omitted when reducing adjective clauses?
Flashcards
Reduced Adjective Clause
Reduced Adjective Clause
A shortened form of an adjective clause, achieved by omitting the relative pronoun and auxiliary verb.
When to Reduce Clauses
When to Reduce Clauses
Reduce when a relative pronoun (who, which, that) is followed by a 'be' verb (is, are, was, were), or when the verb is in the active voice.
Reduction Steps
Reduction Steps
- Omit the relative pronoun. 2. Omit the 'be' verb. 3. Change the main verb to its '-ing' form if active.
Reduction Example (Active)
Reduction Example (Active)
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Passive Voice Reduction
Passive Voice Reduction
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Non-Reducing 'That' Clauses
Non-Reducing 'That' Clauses
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Example Requiring No Reduction
Example Requiring No Reduction
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Cautions with Reduction
Cautions with Reduction
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Purpose of Reducing
Purpose of Reducing
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Study Notes
- An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun
- It provides additional information about the noun it modifies
- Adjective clauses typically begin with relative pronouns (who, whom, which, that) or relative adverbs (where, when, why)
Function of Adjective Clauses
- Adjective clauses function as adjectives, describing or giving more information about a noun
- They answer questions like "which one?" or "what kind of?" about the noun they modify
- They provide essential or nonessential information about the noun
Relative Pronouns and Adverbs
- Relative pronouns: who (for people), whom (for people, in formal contexts), which (for things), that (for people or things), whose (possessive)
- Relative adverbs: where (for places), when (for times), why (for reasons)
- The choice of relative pronoun or adverb depends on the noun being modified and its role in the adjective clause
Structure of Adjective Clauses
- An adjective clause includes a relative pronoun or adverb, a subject, and a verb
- The relative pronoun or adverb connects the adjective clause to the noun it modifies
- The structure can vary based on whether the relative pronoun is the subject or object of the adjective clause
Essential vs. Nonessential Adjective Clauses
- Essential adjective clauses (also called restrictive) provide information necessary to identify the noun
- They are not set off by commas
- Nonessential adjective clauses (also called nonrestrictive) provide extra information that is not essential for identifying the noun
- They are set off by commas
Examples of Adjective Clauses
- The book that I borrowed from the library is due next week (essential)
- My neighbor, who is a doctor, is very kind (nonessential)
- The restaurant where we had dinner last night was excellent
Placement of Adjective Clauses
- Adjective clauses usually come directly after the noun they modify
- They can sometimes be placed at the end of a sentence, especially with long or complex clauses
- The placement should maintain clarity so that the modified noun is easily identifiable
Common Mistakes with Adjective Clauses
- Using the wrong relative pronoun or adverb (e.g., using "who" for things)
- Omitting the relative pronoun when it is necessary for the clause's structure
- Incorrectly punctuating essential and nonessential clauses (e.g., omitting commas for nonessential clauses)
- Lack of subject-verb agreement within the adjective clause
Reduced Adjective Clauses
- Reduced adjective clauses are shortened forms of adjective clauses
- Involve omitting the relative pronoun and auxiliary verb
- They make sentences more concise
When to Reduce Adjective Clauses
- Reduction is possible when the relative pronoun is followed by a verb
- Usually a form of "be" (is, are, was, were)
- Or when the verb in the clause is in the active voice
Reduction Process
- Omit the relative pronoun (who, which, that)
- Omit the "be" verb (is, are, was, were)
- If the main verb is active, change it to its "-ing" form
- This creates a participial phrase
Examples of Reduction
- Original: The man who is sitting over there is my boss
- Reduced: The man sitting over there is my boss
- Original: The book that was written by Hemingway is a classic
- Reduced: The book written by Hemingway is a classic
Passive Voice Reduction
- If the adjective clause is in the passive voice, omit the relative pronoun and the "be" verb
- Leave the past participle form of the verb
Non-Reducing "That" Clauses
- "That" clauses providing essential information cannot be reduced
- This ensures the meaning of the sentence remains clear
Examples Requiring No Reduction
- Original: The car that he bought is expensive
- No reduction possible without changing meaning
Cautions with Reduction
- Ensure that the reduced clause is still clear and unambiguous
- Avoid reducing clauses if it causes confusion or changes the intended meaning
- Be careful with clauses modifying subjects, ensuring subject-verb agreement is maintained
Purpose of Reducing
- Makes writing more concise and fluent
- Avoids unnecessary words without losing clarity
- Can improve the overall readability of a text
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