Adiabatic Expansion and Regenerative Cooling of Gas

Salt is added to ice to produce a mixture, extracting heat from the mixture to lower the temperature.

The intense cooling results from the latent heat of vaporization being supplied by the total heat content of the liquid itself.

It involves removing the magnetic field, which reduces the entropy and cools the salt adiabatically.

<p>It allows the gas to expand without gaining or losing heat, leading to a decrease in temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the process where a gas is allowed to expand adiabatically, leading to a change in temperature without any work being done.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves using the cooled substance to cool the incoming substance, creating a cycle of cooling to achieve lower temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liquid air is used to cool substances to very low temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In adiabatic demagnetization, a paramagnetic salt is magnetized by applying a magnetic field and then cooled by removing the heat produced during magnetization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The high vacuum pump is used to remove the hydrogen gas introduced into the vessel containing the paramagnetic salt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gas expands and reaches a pressure of 1 atm, causing it to become liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The entire apparatus is surrounded by cotton wool.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature falls down to -78°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a highly compressed gas is suddenly expanded against external pressure, it cools down due to performing work against the external pressure at the cost of internal energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regenerative cooling is a method where compressed gas is cooled by allowing it to expand and absorb heat from the surroundings. The cooled gas is then used to cool the incoming compressed gas in a heat exchanger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linde used the Joule Thomson effect and the principle of regenerative cooling in the liquefaction of air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The apparatus consisted of two stage compressors (P1 and P2) to compress air to high pressures. The compressed air was then cooled through a freezing mixture and allowed to expand through a throttle valve (V1) to achieve cooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adiabatic demagnetization is a process where a magnetic material cools down when exposed to a decreasing magnetic field. This cooling effect is due to the conversion of magnetic energy into thermal energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Curie's law states that the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic material is inversely proportional to its absolute temperature. As the temperature decreases, the material becomes more magnetized.</p> Signup and view all the answers