ADHD Treatment Strategies
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Questions and Answers

What strategy can enhance memory retention for individuals?

  • Self-testing and summarising (correct)
  • Listening to music while studying
  • Participating in group discussions
  • Relying solely on visual aids

What is meant by focused attention in children with ADHD?

  • Completing tasks without any interruptions
  • Engaging in multiple activities at the same time
  • Concentrating on a specific activity under time constraints (correct)
  • Focusing on activities that have no deadlines

Which type of attention is characterized by difficulty staying on task rather than recalling information?

  • Sustained attention (correct)
  • Selective attention
  • Focused attention
  • Divided attention

Why is vigilance important for children developing their memory bank?

<p>It ensures they complete entire tasks without falling behind (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge do children with ADHD face when multitasking?

<p>They struggle to determine attention allocation for each task (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ADHD, what does selective attention refer to?

<p>Focusing on significant information amid distractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might help individuals with ADHD improve their memory deficiencies?

<p>Tracking progress on specific memory improvement goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of attention involves determining how much focus to allocate to each task?

<p>Divided attention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge faced by children with ADHD in social settings?

<p>Inconsistent behavior management responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is suggested to help children with ADHD analyze their situations?

<p>Behavior therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is positive reinforcement particularly essential for children with ADHD?

<p>It helps with their tendency towards delayed gratification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common issue might arise when children with ADHD join peer activities?

<p>They may disrupt the ongoing activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of social skill issues in children with ADHD?

<p>Strong adherence to socially accepted behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk for children with ADHD regarding their social skills?

<p>Greater risk of poor peer relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do social skill training programs aim to teach children with ADHD?

<p>Socially accepted and appropriate behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what setting are social skill training programs for children with ADHD typically provided?

<p>Group settings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy is recommended for helping students with ADHD focus during lessons?

<p>Providing advance warnings before the lesson ends. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which seating arrangement is NOT recommended for students with ADHD?

<p>Seating in a corner away from other students for isolation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the focus of social skills training for children with ADHD?

<p>Addressing perceptions of rudeness and inconsideration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can teachers reduce distractions in the classroom for students with ADHD?

<p>Making available quiet, distraction-free areas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for seating a child with ADHD near the teacher?

<p>To consistently monitor and reinforce their on-task behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when providing accommodations for students with ADHD?

<p>Accommodations should be discreet and not appear punitive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is least helpful for students with ADHD when preparing for the next lesson?

<p>Giving them free time at the end of the lesson. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an effect of ADHD on children in a classroom setting?

<p>Inability to work cooperatively with peers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is recommended for enhancing attention and language skills in children?

<p>Pairing auditory cues with visual cues and providing brief instructions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach can be used to improve pragmatic language among children?

<p>Giving nonverbal visual cues as feedback (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can active participation during listening tasks be encouraged in students?

<p>By asking them to write answers and use engaging materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a method to structure peer interactions effectively?

<p>Creating situations where communication breakdowns occur naturally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is effective for guiding spoken responses in children with impulse control difficulties?

<p>Providing a series of pictures to assist responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be emphasized when giving auditory instructions to enhance understanding?

<p>Short and specific instructions with repetition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of activities are most effective for ensuring that language goals are obvious to students?

<p>Activities that provide meaningful contexts with clear language goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to create effective computer-based instruction for children?

<p>Designing simple tools with minimal competing stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the bow symbolize in the context of a character's attempts to achieve a plan?

<p>The consequence of the character's attempt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is suggested to teach children the importance of following directions?

<p>Making a jelly sandwich (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can children enhance their pre-literacy skills according to the provided content?

<p>By predicting story plots from titles and covers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be modified to assist children with limited attention when searching the internet for information?

<p>The visuals and the structure of the text (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is providing a glossary beneficial for children reading modified internet documents?

<p>It aids in comprehending challenging terms encountered while reading. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pedagogical strategy does the use of story grammar markers aim to support?

<p>Identification of story elements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized when children create a sport and instruct others on how to play it?

<p>Active learning, peer interaction, and natural communication consequences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element does the heart represent concerning the character's plan?

<p>The emotional response to the outcome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of home-school collaboration for teachers?

<p>It reduces the teacher's workload. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT emphasized in the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model?

<p>Peer-reviewed assessments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of explicit and systematic teaching strategies in academic intervention for writing?

<p>To facilitate mastery of specific tasks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does lack of parental involvement affect children with ADHD?

<p>It may cause regression in academic success. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way are instructional stages in the SRSD model designed?

<p>To allow students to advance after meeting specific criteria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of student learning does the SRSD model prioritize?

<p>Independent use of writing strategies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of behavioral modification in children with ADHD?

<p>Focusing solely on academic performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instructional method is characterized by sustained, direct, and systematic instruction?

<p>Cognitive functional processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Metacognitive Awareness

Understanding and controlling your own memory processes, like self-testing and reviewing.

Goal Setting (memory)

Making specific plans for improving memory and tracking your progress.

Focused Attention

Concentrating on a task for a set period, often with pressure to finish quickly.

Sustained Attention

Concentrating on a task longer than focused attention, staying on track.

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Divided Attention

Distributing attention between multiple tasks, e.g., handling multiple assignments.

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Selective Attention

Choosing which item to focus on among many, picking out the important things.

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Vigilance

Staying alert and focused to complete a project without falling behind.

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Memory Bank (ADHD)

The ability to recall information when needed; impacted in ADHD.

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ADHD behavioral modification

Strategies to improve and encourage desired behaviors in children with ADHD, involving collaboration between parents and teachers to maintain consistency across settings.

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Home-school collaboration

Working together between parents and teachers to support a child's learning and behavioral development.

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Academic intervention (writing)

Strategies for improving writing skills (e.g., planning, revising, editing) in students.

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SRSD model

Self-Regulated Strategy Development model, teaching students to regulate their writing process by setting goals, monitoring progress, and using self-instructions/ self-feedback.

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Writing strategy approach

A step-by-step approach for writing specific skills/tasks, teaching the underlying cognitive mechanisms.

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Functional approach

Focuses on specific writing strategies (like planning, revising, editing).

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General writing approach

Involves utilizing a general writing plan, encompassing planning, writing and revising.

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Criterion-based instruction

Educational approach focused on student mastery of concepts, proceeding to the next stage when specific criteria are met, not a fixed timeline.

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ADHD Social Skills Issues

Children with ADHD often have problems with attention and impulse control, which negatively affect their social interactions.

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Social Skill Training

Structured programs that teach and reinforce socially acceptable behaviors, helping children with ADHD develop cooperation and communication skills.

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Social Skill Training Delivery

Traditional social skills training is provided directly to the child by a clinician, a key component in the approach.

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ADHD Emotional Management

Learning appropriate emotional responses is crucial as psychologists are vital in teaching these crucial emotional aspects of ADHD.

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Positive Reinforcement

Using rewards to encourage desired behaviors. Essential for ADHD due to difficulty with delayed gratification.

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Behavior Therapy

A therapy focused on helping children understand and navigate challenging situations and problem-solving. Crucial for ADHD.

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Monitoring Social Status

It is important to monitor children's social standing as they may undergo poor self-esteem and depression, especially in older children.

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ADHD Peer Interaction Challenges

Children with ADHD may struggle with peer relationships due to attention problems, impulsive behaviors, resulting in aggression and difficulty following conversational norms.

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Multi-sensory Instruction

Using different senses (sight, sound, touch) to help learning.

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Simple Learning Tools

Using teaching materials with limited information to avoid distractions.

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Visual Cues for Language

Using images or demonstrations to help communication, especially for children needing extra support.

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Auditory Attention Strategies

Techniques to help students focus and understand when listening.

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Peer Interaction for Language

Using peers to help with language learning and social skills, with specific focus on communication.

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Meaningful Learning Contexts

Using real-world situations or engaging activities to teach language to improve comprehension.

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Natural Consequences for Language

Using real-life communication breakdowns to teach consequences, building communication skills.

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Structured Activities for Pragmatics

Activities to help improve children's language use in social situations.

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Story Grammar Markers

Visual cues (like circles, bows, hearts) used to help children understand and retell stories.

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Following Directions

Completing tasks as instructed; important for many activities.

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Predicting Story Plots

Using story titles and covers to guess what will happen in a story.

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Simplifying Internet Documents

Making online information easier to read and understand, especially for children.

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Visual Distractions

Unnecessary or confusing images that can make it hard to focus and read online information.

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Vocabulary Simplification

Replacing difficult words with easier ones or providing definitions for the reader.

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Naturalistic Experiences

Hands-on, real-life activities for teaching.

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Story Plot Prediction

Using book titles and covers to guess the story's events.

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Classroom Accommodations for ADHD

Adjustments to the classroom environment to help children with ADHD focus and learn.

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Seating near Teacher (ADHD)

Placing a child with ADHD near the educator for better monitoring and support.

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Seating near Role Model (ADHD)

Placing a child with ADHD near a positive student to learn from their examples.

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Low-Distraction Work Area (ADHD)

Providing a quiet space for focused work or testing, minimizing distractions.

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Advance Warning (Lessons)

Informing students about the upcoming end of a lesson.

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Preview Next Lesson

Instructing students on how to prepare for the next lesson's activities.

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Social Skills Training (ADHD)

Addressing social challenges faced by children with ADHD, addressing possible rudeness or lack of caring.

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Classroom Management (ADHD)

Strategies to effectively manage students with ADHD, including adapting the learning environment and supporting social skills.

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Study Notes

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Treatment

  • Effective treatment strategy involves a combination of medication and psychosocial interventions (e.g., social skills training)
  • Medication is typically the first-line treatment for ADHD
  • The MTA study showed medication to be the most effective single treatment, but combination therapy likely provides a greater benefit.
  • Stimulant medication is the most common type of ADHD medication, increasing brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine, improving focus and reducing hyperactivity
  • Non-stimulant medications are also available as alternatives if stimulants are not suitable or tolerated
  • Medications do not cure ADHD, they manage symptoms.
  • There are also dietary and behavioral modifications that can minimize the negative impact of ADHD symptoms.

Pharmacological Interventions

  • ADHD medications (stimulants and non-stimulants) help improve focus, reduce hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
  • Dosages may need to be adjusted to find the right fit for the individual.
  • Medication must be closely monitored by a physician.

Stimulants

  • Common stimulants include methylphenidate and amphetamines
  • Can cause side effects such as insomnia, appetite suppressant and decreased appetite
  • Not suitable for all patients (e.g., about 30% of ADHD patients)

Non-Stimulants

  • Include atomoxetine, guanfacine, and clonidine
  • May have fewer side effects compared to stimulants
  • Takes longer to start working, but can also improve focus, attention, and impulsivity.

Dietary Interventions

  • Dietary interventions can be used to manage hyperactivity
  • Avoiding dietary fatty acids, refined sugars, and salt compounds may help.
  • Eliminating artificial food colors and flavors may help 30–50% of children with ADHD
  • There is little evidence that such approaches are widely effective.

Neurofeedback

  • Computer-aided treatment based on biofeedback
  • Aims to help patients adjust their brainwave activity by training

Behavioral Interventions

  • Contingency management, behavior modification, positive reinforcement, response cost and time-out techniques.
  • Parent training in behavior management can be comparable to medication efficacy
  • Effective in classroom management, behaviour improvements and reduces disciplinary problems
  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) aimed at self-regulation, self-evaluation, and relationships.

Communication Intervention

  • Create a structured and predictable environment to reduce distractions and improve focus.
  • Utilize visual supports (schedules, charts)
  • Social skills training (role-playing, social stories)
  • Active listening
  • Self-monitoring skills
  • Executive function support (planning, organization)
  • Behavioural interventions (reinforcing positive behaviors)
  • Pragmatic language therapy (social cues, conversation)
  • Parent and teacher training
  • Utilize technology and apps

Treatment Recommendations for ADHD

  • Behavior therapy is often recommended first for children aged 4-5 years.
  • Medication is considered for children aged 6 years and older if behavior therapy is insufficient, or in some cases simultaneously.
  • For ADHD in children, combining therapies such as Parent Training combined with classroom-based behavioral interventions is generally recommended.

Academic Intervention

  • Writing is a complex process involving executive functions.
  • Interventions for ADHD writing often focus on cognitive processes like working memory, planning, and organization.
  • Teaching specific strategies for planning, writing, and revising can improve writing skills
  • Use of visual aids and organizers can help

Memory Deficits

  • Cognitive strategies (chunking, repetition, visualization)
  • Environmental support (minimizing distractions, structured routines)
  • Visual supports (checklists, reminders)
  • Technology and tools (note-taking apps)
  • Metacognitive strategies (goal setting, self-monitoring)

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Related Documents

Treatment of ADHD PDF

Description

This quiz delves into the effective treatment strategies for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), focusing on both pharmacological and psychosocial approaches. Learn about the benefits of medication, including stimulants and non-stimulants, as well as dietary and behavioral modifications that can aid in managing symptoms.

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