A. ADHD and Autism

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Questions and Answers

What is a common first-line medication prescribed for ADHD?

Dextroamphetamine

Methylphenidate (correct)

Fluoxetine

Clonidine

Which behavior is NOT typically associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms?

Talking excessively

Interrupting others

Fidgeting with hands or feet

Organizing objects meticulously (correct)

Which of the following may be considered a differential diagnosis for ADHD?

Dermatological Disorders

Mood Disorders (correct)

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Skin Infections

What is a potential adverse effect of stimulant medication used for ADHD?

Insomnia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments should be used in conjunction with medications for ADHD?

Educational interventions Signup and view all the answers

When initiating methylphenidate treatment, what is the typical starting dose recommended?

5 mg in the morning and at lunch Signup and view all the answers

What is the male-to-female ratio commonly seen in ADHD cases?

2:1 Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why alpha-2 agonists might be used as a second-line treatment in ADHD?

They may assist children with coexisting tics. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of forgetfulness associated with ADHD?

Forgetting daily tasks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of ADHD in children?

Excessive calmness Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children are commonly affected by ADHD?

10% Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant environmental factor that may contribute to the development of ADHD?

In utero exposure to neurotoxins Signup and view all the answers

According to the DSM-5, how many inattentive symptoms must be present for a diagnosis of ADHD?

Six Signup and view all the answers

Which age must symptoms of ADHD be present before for a diagnosis?

Before age 12 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects a common outcome for adults with ADHD?

Life histories of academic failure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom related to hyperactivity/impulsivity in ADHD?

Excessive fidgeting Signup and view all the answers

At what age are symptoms of autism spectrum disorder typically recognized?

Between 12 and 24 months Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common repetitive behavior associated with autism spectrum disorder?

Spontaneous play Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant prognostic factor in determining outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

Functional language by age 5 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors might be observed in a child showing delayed language development related to autism spectrum disorder?

Pulling individuals by the hand without eye contact Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of having epilepsy as a comorbid diagnosis with autism spectrum disorder?

Greater risk for suicide death Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of autism spectrum disorder?

Pervasive difficulties with social communication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom that may be seen in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

Unusual communication patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an expected behavior in the early developmental stages of autism spectrum disorder?

Carrying toys around without playing with them Signup and view all the answers

When do symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders typically manifest?

Before the child enters school Signup and view all the answers

How is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder related to autism spectrum disorder?

They are often diagnosed together but are distinct disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the social interests of individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

They may reject others or demonstrate atypical social interests. Signup and view all the answers

What are the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder based on social interaction?

Persistent impairment in reciprocal social communication Signup and view all the answers

What type of behaviors may individuals with autism spectrum disorder exhibit?

Restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically a feature of autism spectrum disorder?

Ability to engage in complex social exchanges Signup and view all the answers

What might older children and adults with autism struggle with in terms of social interaction?

Processing complex social cues Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may show a preference for which type of activities?

Solitary activities or interacting with younger or older individuals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Common ADHD Medications

Methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin) is a commonly prescribed first-line medication for ADHD.

ADHD Symptoms

Talking excessively is NOT typically associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms.

Differential Diagnosis

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) can be considered a differential diagnosis for ADHD.

Potential Adverse Effects of Stimulant Medication

Decreased appetite is a potential adverse effect of stimulant medication used for ADHD.

Treatment of ADHD

Behavioral therapy should be used in conjunction with medications for ADHD.

Methylphenidate Dosage

The typical starting dose for methylphenidate treatment is 5 mg.

ADHD Prevalence

The male-to-female ratio commonly seen in ADHD cases is approximately 2:1.

Alpha-2 Agonists in ADHD Treatment

Alpha-2 agonists might be used as a second-line treatment in ADHD because of their potential efficacy in reducing impulsivity.

ADHD Symptom: Forgetfulness

Difficulty remembering appointments is a symptom of forgetfulness associated with ADHD.

ADHD Symptoms in Children

Being overly sensitive to touch is NOT a symptom of ADHD in children.

Prevalence of ADHD in Children

5-10% of children are commonly affected by ADHD.

Environmental Factors in ADHD Development

Prenatal exposure to alcohol or tobacco is a significant environmental factor that may contribute to the development of ADHD.

ADHD Diagnostic Criteria

According to the DSM-5, at least six inattentive symptoms must be present for a diagnosis of ADHD.

Age of Onset for ADHD Diagnosis

Symptoms of ADHD must be present before the age of 12 for a diagnosis.

Outcomes for Adults with ADHD

Difficulties with relationships is a common outcome for adults with ADHD.

ADHD Symptom: Hyperactivity/Impulsivity

Fidgeting and squirming is a symptom related to hyperactivity/impulsivity in ADHD.

Age of Recognition of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder are typically recognized by age 2 or 3.

Repetitive Behaviors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Picking at skin is NOT a common repetitive behavior associated with autism spectrum disorder.

Prognostic Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Early intervention and supportive therapies are a significant prognostic factor in determining outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

Delayed Language Development in Autism

Repeating phrases or words is a behavior that may be observed in a child showing delayed language development related to autism spectrum disorder.

Comorbid Epilepsy in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Epilepsy as a comorbid diagnosis with autism spectrum disorder can potentially increase the severity of both conditions.

Defining Characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts is a defining characteristic of autism spectrum disorder.

Characteristic Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities is a characteristic symptom that may be seen in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

Early Developmental Stages of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Delayed language development is an expected behavior in the early developmental stages of autism spectrum disorder.

Manifestation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders typically manifest during early childhood.

Relationship between ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder

ADHD and autism spectrum disorder can coexist in some individuals.

Narrow and intense interests best describes the social interests of individuals with autism spectrum disorder.

Difficulties initiating or maintaining social interactions are one of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder based on social interaction.

Behaviors of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may exhibit unusual sensory sensitivities .

Features of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Hypersensitivity to sounds is NOT typically a feature of autism spectrum disorder.

Older children and adults with autism may struggle with understanding social cues and sarcasm.

Activity Preferences of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may show a preference for routine and predictable activities.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) regarding its symptoms, differential diagnoses, and treatments. This quiz covers key aspects from medication types to behavioral symptoms associated with ADHD, as well as prevalence rates and environmental factors. Perfect for students or professionals studying psychology or psychiatry.