Addition Polymerisation Mechanism

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Questions and Answers

What type of polymer is formed when a trifunctional monomer is mixed in small amounts with a bifunctional monomer?

Graft copolymer

Branched polymer

Linear polymer

Cross-linked polymer (correct)

Which type of polymer has a main chain consisting of one type of monomer and branched chains consisting of another monomer?

Graft copolymer (correct)

Copolymer

Homopolymer

Heteropolymer

What is the classification of polymers made up of different types of monomers?

Homopolymers

Hetero chain polymers

Homo chain polymers

Heteropolymers (correct)

Which polymer classification involves different types of atoms in the main chain?

Hetero chain polymers Signup and view all the answers

What do you call polymers made up of the same type of monomers?

Homo polymers Signup and view all the answers

In the context of polymers, what does a trifunctional monomer lead to when polymerizing with a bifunctional monomer?

Cross-linking in the polymer network Signup and view all the answers

What type of intermolecular forces hold polymer chains together in elastomers?

Van der Waals forces Signup and view all the answers

What property allows elastomeric polymers to be stretched?

Formation of crosslinks Signup and view all the answers

Which type of polymers are converted into fibers when drawn into long filament-like material?

Elastomers Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of fibers that imparts high tensile strength and high modulus?

Close packing of chains due to strong forces Signup and view all the answers

Which type of polymers exhibit a crystalline nature due to strong intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding?

Fibers Signup and view all the answers

What role do 'crosslinks' play in elastomeric polymers?

Allow stretching and retraction Signup and view all the answers

What type of polymerization involves the generation of a free radical initiator like benzoyl peroxide?

Free radical polymerization Signup and view all the answers

In free radical polymerization, what is the first stage of the chain reaction called?

Initiation process Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of a free radical according to the text?

Contains an odd number of electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is commonly used as a free radical generating initiator in polymerization reactions?

Benzoyl peroxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of the chain reaction in free radical polymerization?

Termination process Signup and view all the answers

How is the polythene polymer obtained from the polymerization of ethene?

By reacting ethene with benzoyl peroxide Signup and view all the answers

What is a general characteristic of step-reaction polymerizations?

They involve monomers slowly converting to oligomers. Signup and view all the answers

What is a property of Styrene rubber mentioned in the text?

It gets readily oxidized in the presence of ozone. Signup and view all the answers

How is the vulcanization of Styrene rubber different from natural rubber?

Styrene rubber requires more sulphur for vulcanization. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of Styrene rubber according to the text?

Making motor tyres. Signup and view all the answers

What sets apart the polymer chain formation in step-reaction polymerizations?

The process takes several hours to several days. Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable downside of Styrene rubber mentioned in the text?

It can get readily oxidized in the atmosphere. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of silicones due to the proportion of alkyl silicon halides used during their preparation?

They may be liquids, viscous liquids, semi-solid, rubber-like, or solids Signup and view all the answers

What property of silicones is generally lower than that of other plastics?

Chemical resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of specific gravity for silicones?

1.03 to 2.1 Signup and view all the answers

What are some common uses of liquid silicones or silicone oils?

High temperature lubricants, antifoaming agents, water-repellent finishes, heat transfer media Signup and view all the answers

What are silicone greases primarily used for?

Lubrication in high and low-temperature situations Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of conducting polymers?

They can conduct electricity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Polymer Types and Formation

A trifunctional monomer mixed with a bifunctional monomer leads to the formation of a branched polymer.
A polymer with a main chain consisting of one type of monomer and branched chains consisting of another monomer is called a graft polymer.
Polymers made up of different types of monomers are classified as copolymers.
Polymers with different types of atoms in the main chain are classified as heterochain polymers.
Polymers made up of the same type of monomers are called homopolymers.

Elastomers and Fibers

Elastomeric polymers are held together by weak intermolecular forces.
The property of elastomeric polymers that allows them to be stretched is elasticity.
Polymers that can be converted into fibers when drawn into long filament-like material are called fiber-forming polymers.
A characteristic feature of fibers that imparts high tensile strength and high modulus is orientation of molecules.
Polymers that exhibit a crystalline nature due to strong intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding are called crystalline polymers.

Polymerization

Crosslinks play a crucial role in elastomeric polymers by providing elasticity.
Polymerization involving the generation of a free radical initiator like benzoyl peroxide is called free radical polymerization.
The first stage of the chain reaction in free radical polymerization is called initiation.
A free radical is defined as a highly reactive molecule with an unpaired electron.
Benzoyl peroxide is commonly used as a free radical generating initiator in polymerization reactions.
The final stage of the chain reaction in free radical polymerization is called termination.

Specific Polymers and Their Properties

Polythene polymer is obtained from the polymerization of ethene.
Step-reaction polymerizations are characterized by slow reaction rates and high molecular weights.
Styrene rubber is a type of polymer that exhibits a property of being soft and flexible.
Vulcanization of Styrene rubber is different from natural rubber in that it involves the addition of sulfur to create crosslinks.
Styrene rubber is commonly used in making tires and other automotive parts.
A notable downside of Styrene rubber is its low resistance to heat and UV light.
Silicones are characterized by their flexibility and low thermal conductivity due to the proportion of alkyl silicon halides used during their preparation.
The property of silicones that is generally lower than that of other plastics is their mechanical strength.
The range of specific gravity for silicones is 0.9-1.1.
Liquid silicones or silicone oils are commonly used as lubricants and hydraulic fluids.
Silicone greases are primarily used for lubricating and protecting surfaces.
The key characteristic of conducting polymers is their ability to conduct electricity.

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Description

Explore the mechanism of addition polymerisation, including Free radical and Ionic polymerization, with a deeper focus on types like Cationic and Anionic Polymerisations. Learn about the role of initiators like benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, and tert-butyl peroxide in the process.