Questions and Answers
When a person develops an addiction, they are able to stop using the substance if they try to do so.
False
Drug tolerance and dependence are the same as addiction.
False
Treatment for drug addiction usually starts with outpatient care.
False
Substances that mimic the effects of the addicting drug can help reduce the symptoms of withdrawal during treatment.
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If the use of the drug is suddenly stopped, it leads to emotional symptoms but not physical symptoms.
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Relapse is a rare occurrence in addiction treatment.
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Drug tolerance is a result of the body's adaptation to the continued presence of a drug.
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Pharmacokinetic tolerance occurs due to the decrease in the number of sites that the drug attaches.
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Pharmacodynamic tolerance is a result of increased excretion of the drug.
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Drug dependence is the same as drug addiction.
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Morphine is an example of a drug that can cause drug tolerance.
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The decrease in drug response on repeated administration is a definition of drug resistance.
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The body-drug interaction is the main cause of drug resistance.
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Phenobarbitone is an example of a drug that can cause pharmacokinetic tolerance.
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Tachyphylaxis is a type of tolerance that occurs over a long period of time.
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Increasing the dose of the drug is always an effective way to overcome tolerance.
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Drug dependence is only psychological in nature.
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Tolerance and dependence are interchangeable terms.
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Addiction is characterized by an ability to control the use of substances despite experiencing negative consequences.
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A drug holiday is a treatment approach that involves stopping drug administration for a short period of time.
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Long-term use of a non-addictive substance can lead to drug dependence.
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Drug addiction affects only the body and not the mind.
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Study Notes
Addiction Treatment
- Untreated drug dependence can be dangerous and even fatal if not treated properly
- Treatment may involve hospitalization and the use of substances that mimic the effects of the addicting drug to reduce withdrawal symptoms
- Relapse is common, and treatment may not be successful on the first attempt
Tolerance, Dependence, and Addiction
- Tolerance refers to the decrease in drug response, requiring higher doses
- Dependence refers to physical or psychological symptoms that occur when the body becomes dependent on a substance
- Addiction is characterized by an inability to stop or control substance use despite negative consequences
- Tolerance and dependence can lead to addiction
Dealing with Tolerance
- Approaches to overcome tolerance include:
- Increasing the dose of the drug (although this may lead to more toxicity)
- Stopping drug administration for a period of time (drug holiday)
- Shifting to another drug with the same effect and using the originally used doses
Types of Tolerance
- Pharmacokinetic tolerance: occurs due to increased rate of drug disposition, resulting in decreased drug concentration at the site of action
- Pharmacodynamic tolerance: adaptation of body cells to the drug, resulting in decreased response
Drug Resistance
- Definition: decrease in drug response on repeated administration during the course of therapy
- Types of drug resistance:
- Due to body-drug interaction (tolerance)
- Due to microorganisms or cancer cells (resistance)
Key Differences
- Tolerance: decrease in drug response due to body-drug interaction
- Resistance: ability of microorganisms or cancer cells to resist the effects of a drug
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