Untitled Quiz

Quiz 1

• Quiz 1 contains 10 questions and 8 multiple choice questions (MCQs) and 2 matching questions.
• Use the provided Kahoot links to review for Test 1.
• Link 1: https://kahoot.it/challenge/07765?challenge-id=788838be-072f-4284-b6cb-2b6f469e8cca_17261&25693806
• Link 2: https://kahoot.it/challenge/03072?challenge-id=788838be-072f-4284-b6cb-2b6f469e8cca_17261&168

Unreal & unreasonable realities today (1)

• In the 1950s, people could walk inside computers, but by 2010, computers are beginning to "walk" inside of us.
• People lack basic necessities like jobs, shelter, food, healthcare, and drinkable water.
• Lack of basic telecommunications services is a significant hardship.
• Social media allows anyone to express their opinions, leading to an "invasion of the idiots."

Unreal & unreasonable realities today (2)

• An alien observing cars on an expressway wonders if they are driven by their "guts or brains."
• Our relationship with technology is complicated, as technology itself changes us and our interactions.

Sensors

• Handyscope combines smartphone technology with a sophisticated tool for skin cancer screening.
• Neural dust is a tiny sensor implanted in a nerve fiber, powered by ultrasound.

Mapping IoT connected devices

• A map shows the global distribution of Internet of Things (IoT) connected devices.

Wearable devices and use 2016-2026

• Wearable technology is shifting to new markets and applications.
• The technology is categorized by location on the body. (head, ear, body, wrist, legs/feet)
• Information is provided on how wearable technology is used, and future applications.

Ethics, Morals, Laws: LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Ethics, morals, law, virtue, vice, integrity, acting according to a code of principles.
• Importance of Ethics in business.
• Why Fostering Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Good Business Ethics Is Important.
• Trends that increased the risk of using information technology in an unethical manner.

Part 1: Ethics, Moral and Legalities

• Definition of Ethics, Moral, Law, Legal framework, Virtue, Vice, Integrity.
• Difference between Ethics, Morals, Law.
• International experience, Case studies.

Definitions: Ethics, Moral and Personal Beliefs

• Ethics: a set of beliefs about what is right and wrong in society.
• Moral values: personal beliefs about right and wrong.
• Virtue: a habit of doing what is right.
• Vice: a habit of doing what is wrong.

5. Definitions: Integrity

• Integrity is doing the right thing even when nobody is watching.
• Acting consistently according to personal code of principles.
• Importance of integrity: Extending respect and consideration to all people.

Difference between Moral Values, Ethics & Laws

• Morals: personal beliefs about right and wrong.
• Ethics: codes of behavior within groups.
• Law: system of rules enforced by government.

Ethical dilemmas (1) problems

• Log files (what to save, how to handle, protection, disclosure, possible need for government regulations, need for new revenue streams)
• How much protection is enough?

Ethical dilemmas (2) problems

• To bug-fix or not to bug-fix? (How to decide bug severity, prioritizing bugs, programmer bias)
• How much to code or compromise to prevent misuse? (Anticipating misuse, designing to prevent it).

Ethical dilemmas (3) problems

• How far to defend customers against data requests?
• How to deal with the international nature of the Internet? (legal differences, servers in different countries, data transfer).

Ethical dilemmas (4) problems

• How much monitoring is really warranted?
• How bulletproof should code really be? (Simple structures in demos, weaknesses appearing with more data, code speed, etc).

Part 2: Ethics in the Business World

• Need for Ethics in the Business world.
• Corporate Ethics.
• Importance of fostering Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Good Business Ethics.
• Characteristics of Successful Ethics Programs.
• How can management improve business ethics.
• Maintaining Ethics in Business (Corporate Code of Ethics, Sarbanes Oxley, Social Audit)
• Case studies.

Ethics in the business world

• Increasingly unethical behaviors had a major negative impact (financial institution collapse).
• Globalization & Outsourcing.

Corporate Ethics Officer

• Provides vision and leadership in business conduct.
• A senior-level manager, reporting to the CEO.
• Known as a corporate compliance officer.
• Responsibilities: ensuring compliance, creating ethics culture, and key contact for ethics issues.

WHY Fostering Corporate Social Responsibility and Good Business Ethics Is Important

• Gain goodwill of the community.
• Create an organization that operates consistently.
• Foster good business practices and operate with stakeholders in a fair and ethical manner.
• Protect organization/employees from legal action.
• Avoid unfavorable publicity and maintain a good reputation.

Characteristics of a Successful Ethics Program

• Willingness to seek advice about ethical issues.
• Employees feeling prepared to handle situations that could lead to misconduct.
• Rewarding ethical behavior.
• Organization not rewarding questionable means of success.

How can management improve business ethics?

• Establish a safe environment for employees to seek advice about business conduct.
• Raising awareness of issues about business conduct.
• Report misconduct.
• Setting standards for company-wide ethical conduct.
• Ensuring compliance with laws and regulations (e.g., Sarbanes Oxley Act, Social Audits)
• Code of Ethics to be followed.

Establishing a Code of Ethics

• Highlighting key ethical issues.
• Identifying predominant values and principles.
• Organizational code of ethics for directors, officers, and employees.
• Applying code of ethics to employees in susceptible work roles.
• Providing mechanisms for reporting unethical conduct.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

• Passed by the U.S. Congress to protect shareholders and the general public from accounting errors and fraudulent practices.
• Requires listed companies to have a code of ethics applicable to all employees, senior management, and directors.
• Section 404: CEO and CFO attest to financial statements accuracy.
• Section 406: Public companies have to have a Code of Ethics

Social Audit

• An organization reviews how well it meets its ethical and social responsibility goals.
• Communicates the new goals for the upcoming year.

Ethics Training for Employees

• Encourage employees to act ethically.
• Encourage employees to report misconduct.
• Show employees effective ways of reporting incidents.
• Reassure employees about receiving feedback.

Ethical Criteria in Employee Appraisals

• Treat others fairly and respectfully.
• Operate effectively in a multicultural environment.
• Accept personal accountability for meeting business needs.
• Continually develop oneself and others.
• Operate openly and honestly with suppliers, customers and other employees.

Manager's role in creating ethical environment

• Managers must take responsibility for ethical decisions.
• Promoting broad minded decision making.
• Creating a working environment where ethical dilemmas are openly, objectively, and constructively discussed.

Ethics in Information Technology: Why?

• Huge growth of the Internet.
• The ability to capture and store vast amounts of personal data.
• Greater reliance on information systems.
• Lack of privacy and security.

Unethical use of IT: Examples

• E-mail and Internet access monitoring at work.
• Downloading in violation of copyright laws.
• Unsolicited e-mail, identify theft and plagiarism.
• Cookies and spyware to track site visitors' hard drives.

Ethical Monitor Theories

• Utilitarian: Focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number.
• Kantianism: Moral actions stem from duty and should be universally applicable.
• Social Contract: Obligations are based on agreements within society.

Summary

• Ethics is important as the risks associated with inappropriate behavior increases.
• Organizations should have five reasons for encouraging employee ethical behavior (gain community goodwill, consistent operation, good business practices, preventing legal actions, and avoiding unfavorable publicity)
• Organizations require ethical programs and codes of ethics.
• Manager's expectations and actions can influence employee ethical behavior.
• Ethical considerations should be part of decision-making.