إدارة المشاريع: بدء المشروع

Project Management: Project Initiation

• Project Initiation: The initial phase of a project, focusing on defining the project's purpose, scope, and objectives.
• Purpose of the Initiation Phase: Defining the problem or business opportunity, identifying solutions, forming the project, creating a business case, and assigning a project team.
• Business Case (Business Case): A detailed description of the problem or opportunity, proposed solutions, assumptions, constraints, alignment with organizational goals, analysis of benefits, costs, and alternative solutions, description of the preferred solution, and key project requirements.
• Comparing Project Options: Using tools like a weighted decision matrix to evaluate different project options based on predefined criteria and overall scores.
• Financial Considerations: Essential for evaluating a project's feasibility, including Net Present Value (NPV), Return on Investment (ROI), and Payback Analysis.
• Net Present Value Analysis (NPV): Considers the time value of money, discounting future cash flows to the present value, and taking into account appropriate discount rate and risks. It is used to determine the value of an investment, project, or series of cash flows.
• Return on Investment (ROI): Calculated by subtracting project costs from benefits and dividing the result by costs. A higher ROI indicates a more favorable investment.
• Payback Analysis: The time needed to recover the initial investment cost. Shorter payback periods indicate more attractive investments.
• Project Charter: Key output of the initiation phase; a document defining the project, its objectives, participants, and the authority of the project manager; acts as a reference for future project authority; includes identification, project purpose/justification, measurable objectives, high-level requirements/constraints/risks, high-level description/boundaries, summary milestone schedule, summary budget, and stakeholder list.
• SMART Goals: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound goals are crucial for project tracking.
• Business Need or Opportunity: Briefly stating how the project will contribute to organizational goals; a concise answer to "why" the project exists.
• Scope Definition: Defining the boundaries of the project to ensure focus on core objectives.
• Major Deliverables: Breaking down the project's overall objective into smaller, quantifiable parts.
• Assumptions: Factors expected to be true during the project but possibly uncertain.
• Constraints: Limitations on project delivery or acceptable solutions.
• Preliminary Cost Estimates: Outlining the project's cost and control strategies for budget planning and feasibility assessment.
• Risks: A high-level overview of identified potential risks, including project implementation impediments.
• Stakeholder List: Identifying entities affected by or impacting the project.
• Approval: Formalization of project charter agreement through approvals.

اختبار يغطي المرحلة الأولى من إدارة المشاريع، حيث يركز على تعريف هدف المشروع ونطاقه وأهدافه. يتضمن فهم الجوانب المهمة مثل الحالة التجارية والاعتبارات المالية وكذلك مقارنة الخيارات المتاحة. يعد اختبارًا مهمًا لفهم أساسيات بدء المشاريع وتنفيذها بنجاح.