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Which type of T cells is responsible for detecting intracellular infections?
Which type of T cells is responsible for detecting intracellular infections?
What is the process called when naïve T cells proliferate upon activation?
What is the process called when naïve T cells proliferate upon activation?
Which of the following statements about CD4 T cells is correct?
Which of the following statements about CD4 T cells is correct?
In which compartment are extracellular antigens presented by MHC Class II molecules processed?
In which compartment are extracellular antigens presented by MHC Class II molecules processed?
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How are viral peptides presented on MHC Class I molecules?
How are viral peptides presented on MHC Class I molecules?
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What term describes the mode of T cells when they are searching for antigens in the body?
What term describes the mode of T cells when they are searching for antigens in the body?
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Which type of T cell is analogous to 'military police' in the immune system?
Which type of T cell is analogous to 'military police' in the immune system?
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What is the primary role of CD8 T cells following their differentiation?
What is the primary role of CD8 T cells following their differentiation?
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What is the primary function of B cells in the immune response?
What is the primary function of B cells in the immune response?
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Which type of immunoglobulin is primarily involved in the initial response to an infection?
Which type of immunoglobulin is primarily involved in the initial response to an infection?
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How do memory cells contribute to the immune response?
How do memory cells contribute to the immune response?
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What role do plasma cells play in the immune response?
What role do plasma cells play in the immune response?
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What is the structure of an antibody?
What is the structure of an antibody?
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What mechanism allows T cells to recognize foreign antigens?
What mechanism allows T cells to recognize foreign antigens?
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Which type of immunoglobulin is primarily found in mucosal areas, like the gut and respiratory tract?
Which type of immunoglobulin is primarily found in mucosal areas, like the gut and respiratory tract?
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What is the main function of cytokines in the immune response?
What is the main function of cytokines in the immune response?
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What is the primary role of CD4 TH2 cells in the immune system?
What is the primary role of CD4 TH2 cells in the immune system?
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What is the main function of plasma cells?
What is the main function of plasma cells?
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What characterizes Immunoglobulin M (IgM)?
What characterizes Immunoglobulin M (IgM)?
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How do memory cells contribute to the immune response?
How do memory cells contribute to the immune response?
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Which type of immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for neutralizing viruses?
Which type of immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for neutralizing viruses?
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What is a unique feature of Immunoglobulin A (IgA)?
What is a unique feature of Immunoglobulin A (IgA)?
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Which cytokine is produced by regulatory T cells to minimize inflammation?
Which cytokine is produced by regulatory T cells to minimize inflammation?
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What happens during the lag phase of antibody response?
What happens during the lag phase of antibody response?
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What distinguishes Immunoglobulin E (IgE) from other immunoglobulins?
What distinguishes Immunoglobulin E (IgE) from other immunoglobulins?
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Which immunoglobulin is known for its ability to activate the complement cascade?
Which immunoglobulin is known for its ability to activate the complement cascade?
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What role do plasma cells play in the adaptive immune response?
What role do plasma cells play in the adaptive immune response?
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What is the relationship between TH2 cells and B cells during an immune response?
What is the relationship between TH2 cells and B cells during an immune response?
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How do antibodies exert their biological effects?
How do antibodies exert their biological effects?
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Study Notes
Adaptive Immunity
- T cells detect processed antigen fragments displayed on the surface of other cells in association with MHC molecules
- B cells detect whole antigens (proteins) on the surface of pathogens in the extracellular fluid
- B Cells produce antibodies
- T Cells produce cytokines (immunological hormones)
- MHC class I molecules present peptide fragments of antigen from the cytoplasm
- MHC class II molecules present peptide fragments of antigen from the tissue fluid
- CD8 T cells interact with MHC Class I : peptides - detect intracellular infection
- CD4 T cells interact with MHC Class II : peptides - detect extracellular infection
- Naïve T cells are in surveillance mode
- Activated T cells are in attack mode
- CD8 T cells differentiate into killer T cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL))
- CD4 T cells differentiate into helper T cells or regulatory T cells
Macrophages
- Interferon gamma is required to 'hulkify' macrophages.
Antibody-mediated Immunity
- Antigen is recognised by B cells via B cell receptors
- Plasma cells are antibody secreting factories, they develop in germinal centres of lymph nodes
- Plasma cells migrate to medullary cords of lymph nodes and secrete antibody into efferent lymph > blood
- Plasma cells can remain in the lymph node and fire antibody out into the circulation to act at the site of infection
- Antibody is made of two light chains and two heavy chains
Types of Immunoglobulin
- Immunoglobulin (Ig) M is the first antibody produced and is a pentamer
- IgM is good at triggering the complement cascade
- Immunoglobulin (Ig) G is produced after receiving TH2-cell help
- IgG is a neutralising antibody
- IgG enhances phagocytosis of bacteria
- IgG triggers complement activation
- Immunoglobulin (Ig) A is produced by B cells in the MALT and secreted onto the mucosal surface as a dimer
- IgA is very important for the mucosal defence
- Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is produced by B cells in response to parasite infections
- IgE binds to receptors on the surface of mast cells
- IgE enhances parasite killing response
- Mast cells have receptors for IgE (FceR)
- IgE triggers degranulation of mast cells
- Eosinophils and mast cells gang up on parasites to overtake them
- IgM is the first antibody produced (agglutination and complement activation)
- IgG is produced to neutralize viruses and aid in response to bacteria (enhanced phagocytosis and complement activation)
- IgA is produced for mucosal defence (neutralizing antibody)
- IgE is produced for anti-parasite defence to aid mast cell and eosinophil response (assist degranulation)
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Description
This quiz covers the roles of T cells and B cells in adaptive immunity, highlighting their interactions with MHC molecules and their functions in detecting infections. It also discusses the differentiation of T cells and the importance of macrophages in the immune response.
