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B cell development occurs in primary and secondary lymph organs.
B cell development occurs in primary and secondary lymph organs.
True
The membrane-bound IgM receptor is also known as the B cell receptor (BCR).
The membrane-bound IgM receptor is also known as the B cell receptor (BCR).
True
B cell receptors are made up of three polypeptide chains.
B cell receptors are made up of three polypeptide chains.
False
The variable region of the B cell receptor is responsible for binding to antigens.
The variable region of the B cell receptor is responsible for binding to antigens.
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The constant region of the B cell receptor changes in response to different antigens.
The constant region of the B cell receptor changes in response to different antigens.
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Disulphide bonds connect the heavy and light chains of the B cell receptor.
Disulphide bonds connect the heavy and light chains of the B cell receptor.
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B cells are created with receptors that can specifically recognize all possible antigens.
B cells are created with receptors that can specifically recognize all possible antigens.
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Ig domains are characterized by a linear structure.
Ig domains are characterized by a linear structure.
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B cells are part of the adaptive immune system.
B cells are part of the adaptive immune system.
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Each B cell has the same B cell receptor (BCR).
Each B cell has the same B cell receptor (BCR).
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B cells can recognize antigens in various biological forms.
B cells can recognize antigens in various biological forms.
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Plasma cells produce millions of antibodies.
Plasma cells produce millions of antibodies.
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Antibodies are secreted into the bloodstream and mucus membranes.
Antibodies are secreted into the bloodstream and mucus membranes.
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Isotype class switching occurs during T cell activation.
Isotype class switching occurs during T cell activation.
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B cells are mainly responsible for attacking intracellular pathogens.
B cells are mainly responsible for attacking intracellular pathogens.
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B cell activation leads to proliferation and differentiation into memory cells only.
B cell activation leads to proliferation and differentiation into memory cells only.
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Affinity maturation is a process that occurs during B cell development.
Affinity maturation is a process that occurs during B cell development.
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B cells can develop from T cells.
B cells can develop from T cells.
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BCR rearrangement is part of the B cell development process.
BCR rearrangement is part of the B cell development process.
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Antibodies are also known as immunoglobulins.
Antibodies are also known as immunoglobulins.
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All B cells differentiate into memory cells after activation.
All B cells differentiate into memory cells after activation.
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B cells can only recognize protein antigens.
B cells can only recognize protein antigens.
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Diseases associated with B cell deficiencies can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.
Diseases associated with B cell deficiencies can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.
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Antibodies are secreted proteins that recognize ‘epitopes’ on pathogens.
Antibodies are secreted proteins that recognize ‘epitopes’ on pathogens.
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The constant region of an antibody is responsible for recognizing epitopes.
The constant region of an antibody is responsible for recognizing epitopes.
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Epitopes can only be proteins.
Epitopes can only be proteins.
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The ‘type’ of constant region determines the isotype of an antibody.
The ‘type’ of constant region determines the isotype of an antibody.
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The variable regions of antibodies are crucial for binding to pathogens.
The variable regions of antibodies are crucial for binding to pathogens.
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B cells are removed by negative selection if they bind to self-peptide too weakly.
B cells are removed by negative selection if they bind to self-peptide too weakly.
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Epitopes are recognized by T and B cell receptors.
Epitopes are recognized by T and B cell receptors.
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Naïve B cells possess a functioning BCR before antigen exposure.
Naïve B cells possess a functioning BCR before antigen exposure.
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Complement proteins are part of the constant region's function.
Complement proteins are part of the constant region's function.
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B cell activation requires only the binding of antigens to the BCR.
B cell activation requires only the binding of antigens to the BCR.
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Both B cells and T cells specific to an antigen meet in the lymph node.
Both B cells and T cells specific to an antigen meet in the lymph node.
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Fab stands for 'Fragment antigen-binding' in antibodies.
Fab stands for 'Fragment antigen-binding' in antibodies.
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Activated T helper cells can drive B cell proliferation and differentiation through cytokines.
Activated T helper cells can drive B cell proliferation and differentiation through cytokines.
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CD40L is a molecule that binds to CD40 on T cells.
CD40L is a molecule that binds to CD40 on T cells.
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MHC class II is involved in the presentation of peptides by B cells to T helper cells.
MHC class II is involved in the presentation of peptides by B cells to T helper cells.
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B cells are effective phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
B cells are effective phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
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To achieve full activation, B cells require signal 2 from activated CD8 T cells.
To achieve full activation, B cells require signal 2 from activated CD8 T cells.
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Weak binding of self-antigens does not lead to the removal of B cells.
Weak binding of self-antigens does not lead to the removal of B cells.
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Is IgG the first antibody secreted upon infection?
Is IgG the first antibody secreted upon infection?
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B cells can isotype switch to produce IgA, IgE, and IgD isotypes.
B cells can isotype switch to produce IgA, IgE, and IgD isotypes.
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During isotype switching, the antigen binding site changes.
During isotype switching, the antigen binding site changes.
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Affinity maturation is the process by which antibody affinity decreases with repeated exposure.
Affinity maturation is the process by which antibody affinity decreases with repeated exposure.
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CD40-CD40L interaction plays a role in isotype switching.
CD40-CD40L interaction plays a role in isotype switching.
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Macrophages and basophils are types of immune cells that have Fc receptors.
Macrophages and basophils are types of immune cells that have Fc receptors.
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Random mutation does not affect the affinity of antibody-producing B cell clones.
Random mutation does not affect the affinity of antibody-producing B cell clones.
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The constant region of the heavy chain is replaced during isotype switching.
The constant region of the heavy chain is replaced during isotype switching.
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Neutrophils are a type of adaptive immune cell.
Neutrophils are a type of adaptive immune cell.
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Isotype switching can happen due to cytokines released by T helper cells.
Isotype switching can happen due to cytokines released by T helper cells.
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IgG is the only antibody class that can cross the placenta.
IgG is the only antibody class that can cross the placenta.
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IgA is primarily involved in opsonization of pathogens.
IgA is primarily involved in opsonization of pathogens.
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Eosinophils and mast cells bind IgE antibodies.
Eosinophils and mast cells bind IgE antibodies.
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Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is mediated primarily by T cells.
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is mediated primarily by T cells.
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IgM is the first antibody to be secreted during an immune response.
IgM is the first antibody to be secreted during an immune response.
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The neutralization function of antibodies requires the Fc region.
The neutralization function of antibodies requires the Fc region.
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Most helminths can be easily phagocytosed by immune cells.
Most helminths can be easily phagocytosed by immune cells.
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The complement activation process does not involve antibody binding.
The complement activation process does not involve antibody binding.
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B cells can have antibodies with varying heavy chains.
B cells can have antibodies with varying heavy chains.
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IgG antibodies are effective at preventing intracellular infections.
IgG antibodies are effective at preventing intracellular infections.
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Opsonization enhances the ability of phagocytes to recognize pathogens.
Opsonization enhances the ability of phagocytes to recognize pathogens.
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Mast cells release histamine when activated by IgG binding.
Mast cells release histamine when activated by IgG binding.
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Natural Killer cells express FcγRIII receptors to bind IgG.
Natural Killer cells express FcγRIII receptors to bind IgG.
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Study Notes
Adaptive Immunity - B Cells
- B cells are part of the adaptive immune system, responding to specific antigens.
- They produce antibodies, crucial for fighting pathogens (mainly extracellular).
- B cells have a unique B cell receptor (BCR) that recognizes antigens.
- Antigens can be proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, or polysaccharides.
- Antigen recognition activates B cells, leading to proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells.
- Plasma cells produce many antibodies which can be secreted into the blood and mucous membranes.
- Antibodies are also known as immunoglobulins.
- B cells develop through a series of stages in generative and peripheral lymphoid organs.
- B cell development includes BCR rearrangement to achieve unique antigen specificity.
- B cells undergo development checkpoints for confirmation of BCR and self antigen recognition.
- B cell activation requires two signals: antigen binding to the BCR (signal 1) and T helper cell interaction (signal 2).
- T helper cells and DCs help activate B cells.
- Isotype switching allows antibodies to adapt to different pathogens, changing the constant region without altering the antigen binding site.
- Affinity maturation improves antibody binding to the target antigen through mutations and selection.
- Antibodies have effector functions like neutralization, opsonization, complement activation, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
- Deficiency of B cells or antibodies can lead to increased vulnerability to bacterial and viral infections.
- Types of heavy chains for different antibody classes are shown.
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Description
This quiz explores the role of B cells in the adaptive immune system, focusing on their development, function, and antibody production. Understand how B cells recognize antigens and the activation signals required for their response. Test your knowledge of the crucial processes involved in B cell activation and immunoglobulin generation.
