ADA/AAP Periodontal Classification Flashcards

AAP Overview

• AAP stands for American Academy of Periodontology.
• Classification includes plaque-induced and non-plaque-induced gingival diseases.
• Assesses periodontitis based on location and severity.

Gingival Disease: Plaque Induced

• Characterized by no attachment loss and a stable periodontium.
• Associated with plaque and may be modified by systemic factors like hormones or blood disorders.
• Includes medication-induced gingivitis and malnutrition-related gingivitis.

Gingival Disease: Non-Plaque Induced

• Arises from specific origins: bacteria (e.g., Gonorrhea), viruses (e.g., Herpes), fungi (e.g., Candida), and genetic conditions (e.g., Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis).
• Linked to systemic conditions (e.g., Pemphigoid) and traumatic lesions (chemical, physical, thermal).

Periodontitis Types

• Chronic periodontitis is characterized by slow progression and cyclic nature.
• Slight or early periodontitis shows 1-2 mm attachment loss with probing depths of 3-4 mm.
• Moderate periodontitis indicates attachment loss up to 4 mm, probing depths of 5-7 mm, and Class I furcation involvement.
• Severe periodontitis entails over 5 mm attachment loss, probing depths of 7 mm or greater, with mobility and Class II or III furcation involvement.
• Aggressive periodontitis displays rapid tissue destruction, typically before age 35.

Unique Periodontal Conditions

• Prepubertal periodontitis occurs from the eruption of primary teeth to puberty, leading to attachment loss, particularly in generalized forms.
• Localized aggressive periodontitis in teenagers may involve Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, affecting permanent molars and incisors, coinciding with puberty.

Localization of Periodontal Issues

• "Localized" refers to less than 30% of sites affected, while "generalized" indicates more than 30% of sites influenced.

Systemic Disease Manifestations

• Hematologic disorders (e.g., leukemia) and genetic disorders (e.g., Down syndrome) may manifest as gingival conditions.

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG) & Periodontitis (NUP)

• NUG involves a complex infection with sudden onset, pain, necrosis, bleeding, and malodor.
• NUP features necrosis of gingival tissues, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, often associated with HIV.

ADA Classification Levels

• Uses Roman numerals I-V to denote stages of periodontal disease.
• Type 0 represents no bleeding or attachment loss with healthy tissue.

Gingivitis and Periodontitis Types

• Type I (Gingivitis): No attachment loss, bleeding on probing, inflammatory changes in gingiva.
• Type II (Early Periodontitis): 1-2 mm attachment loss, probing depths 3-4 mm, may involve localized recession.
• Type III (Moderate Periodontitis): 1-4 mm attachment loss, probing depths 5-7 mm, bleeding on probing, Class I or II mobility.
• Type IV (Advanced Periodontitis): Over 5 mm attachment loss, probing depths of 7 mm or more, Grade II or III furcations.

Advanced and Refractory Periodontitis

• Type V relates to refractory and juvenile periodontitis, indicating severe destruction with probing depths greater than 7 mm and no response to conventional therapy. Immediate referral to a periodontist is necessary.

Staging of Periodontal Disease

• Stage I indicates initial periodontitis with 1-2 mm attachment loss.
• Stage II denotes moderate periodontitis with 3-4 mm loss.
• Stage III represents severe periodontitis, presenting potential for additional tooth loss.

Test your knowledge on the ADA/AAP periodontal classification system with these flashcards. Learn the definitions and key aspects of gingival diseases, including plaque-induced conditions and periodontitis details. Ideal for dental students and professionals.