Acute Renal Failure and Fibrocystic Changes Quiz

<p>Gradual return of glomerular filtration occurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 50% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malignant changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breast tenderness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outline smooth, solid mobile circumcised mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pap smear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postmenopausal bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mild Dysplasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smoking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryosurgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salpingo-oophorectomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foul odor discharge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyst drainage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oliguria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GHRH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abrupt onset of edema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nulliparous status (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80% of kidney function may be lost before symptoms become noticeable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gigantism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biopsy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High fat diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antihypertensives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased insulin receptor availability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates thyroid hormone production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RBC cast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased height (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary wall structure integrity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reaching menopause early (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of antigen-antibody complexes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenocarcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TSH release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Middle age of first childbirth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases growth hormone secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acromegaly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual disturbances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pituitary gland tumors (adenomas) cause excessive hormone release from affected cells, partially suppressing other cell functions.

Excessive growth hormone (GH) in children before puberty, causing unusually tall stature (7-9ft).

Excessive GH after puberty, leading to bone and tissue overgrowth, common symptoms are joint pain, nerve issues.

GH-secreting adenomas cause high GH and IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor) levels resulting in body tissue overgrowth.

Increased GH leads to tissue overgrowth, poor glucose handling (carbohydrate tolerance), and raised metabolic rate, as well as high IGF-1 levels.

Growth hormone regulation involves GHRH (releasing hormone) and GHIH (inhibiting hormone, also called Somatostatin), that act in a feedback loop.

The thyroid hormone production is controlled by a negative feedback system, hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid work together.

Thyroid-releasing hormone, stimulates the pituitary gland to produce TSH.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone, triggers the thyroid to produce T3 and T4.

Thyroid hormones crucial for metabolism, regulated by a negative feedback loop.

Severe acute kidney injury can lead to high blood pressure, fluid buildup, acidity, high potassium, irregular heartbeat, and even permanent kidney failure (ESRD).

High blood potassium levels, a serious complication of kidney injury, leading to irregular heart rhythms.

A condition where the kidneys permanently stop working, requiring dialysis or a transplant for survival.

A phase of Acute Renal Failure (ARF) where the kidneys lose most of their function, producing minimal or no urine.

A phase of Acute Renal Failure marked by higher urine output; the kidneys are recovering but still need supportive care.

Kidney problems caused by contrast dyes used in medical procedures. Risk higher for people with diabetes or other kidney/heart conditions.

Kidney problems caused by infections, toxins, or immune responses, leading to inflammation in the glomerulus that affects filtration and causes proteinuria and changed GFR

Inflammation of the glomeruli, often linked to a strep infection.

A type of glomerulonephritis caused by a strep infection, usually appearing 7-10 days after the infection.

A long-term kidney disorder where kidney function progressively worsens.

Presence of excessive protein in the urine.

Presence of blood in the urine. Often a symptom of kidney disorders.

Low urine output, a sign of kidney problems.

Kidney disorder causing excessive protein loss in urine.

Severe kidney damage to the point that the kidneys cannot function properly.

A type of cancer that develops in the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus.

Abnormal changes in cells, often a precursor to cancer.

Cancer that begins in the lining of the uterus (endometrium).

Bleeding from the vagina after menopause.

A screening test for cervical cancer that involves examining cells from the cervix for abnormalities.

Surgical removal of one or both ovaries and fallopian tubes.

Surgical removal of the uterus, along with adjacent structures.

Non-cancerous breast changes, common in menstruating women, involving ducts, glands, and stroma, often caused by hormonal stimulation.

Tenderness and pain in the breasts, fluctuating with menstrual cycles, worsening before menopause.

Cystic (fluid filled), Fibrous (tissue thickening), Epithelial Proliferative (cell growth in lining)

FCC affects up to 60% of women of reproductive age.

FCC is believed to be caused by hormonal stimulation from estrogen and progesterone.

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer. These factors can be categorized as reproductive, hormonal, environmental, familial, gender, age, personal history of cancer, and lifestyle.

Treatment of advanced breast cancer often involves cyst drainage to reduce pain. This approach aims to manage symptoms and improve comfort.

Women who have their first child at a younger age have a lower risk of developing breast cancer. There is a correlation between early motherhood and reduced risk.

Women who have never given birth have an increased risk of developing breast cancer, as opposed to those who have had children.

A type of cancer that originates in glandular tissue, such as breast tissue. Adenocarcinomas are common and often metastasize early.

Symptoms of breast cancer often include a painless lump, palpable lymph nodes, skin dimpling, nipple retraction, ulceration, hemorrhage, and bone pain due to metastasis.

Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer involve various tests, including mammography, percutaneous needle aspiration, biopsy (definitive diagnosis), and hormone receptor assays.

Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) tests analyze breast cancer tissue for specific receptors that govern hormone response. These tests guide treatment decisions, especially related to hormonal therapies.