Acute Radiation Syndrome Overview

A condition that occurs after a person is exposed to a large amount of radiation in a short period of time.

The early responses to radiation exposure that become more severe with increasing dose.

The initial stage of ARS, occurring within hours after exposure, with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

The period following the prodromal stage, lasting for about a week, where no visible symptoms appear.

The stage with severe symptoms affecting the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular systems.

The process where cells repair themselves after exposure to sublethal doses of radiation.

The ability of cells to divide and replace lost tissue, contributing to repair and recovery.

The final stage of ARS, where severe symptoms persist, and survival is unlikely.

Cells with higher oxygen levels are more susceptible to damage from low-LET radiation.

Cells with lower oxygen levels are less severely damaged by low-LET radiation, but their ability to repair and recover is reduced.

The extent of damage to an organ determines its ability to recover after radiation exposure.

Low-LET radiation, like X-rays, causes less localized damage but can affect a larger area.

A syndrome caused by radiation exposure affecting the bone marrow, resulting in a decrease in blood cell production.

The stage where stem cells in the bone marrow die due to radiation damage.

The stage where symptoms of radiation sickness become obvious, including anorexia, fever, and malaise.

The dose range for Hematopoietic syndrome.

The lethal dose for 50% of individuals within 60 days of exposure.

The stage where stem cells in the bone marrow and cells lining the gastrointestinal tract are severely damaged.

The dose range for Gastrointestinal syndrome.

Exposure to radiation outside of the workplace, often involving the general public.

A device used to measure the quantity of radiation received in a specific location or environment.

A method of controlling exposure to radiation specifically for individuals working in a radiation environment.

Measurement of the amount of radiation absorbed by a person's body, commonly used for occupational safety.

A device used to measure the intensity of an X-ray beam, often employed in medical imaging.

A device used to measure the amount of radioactivity present in a sample, useful for analytical purposes.

A type of radiation detector that measures light released by a crystal after interacting with radiation.

A device that records the amount of radiation received by an individual through the use of a film badge.

A type of radiation detector that uses a single crystal of sodium iodide doped with thallium (NaI(Tl)) to detect gamma rays and X-rays. The crystal emits visible light when struck by radiation, which is then amplified and converted to an electrical signal by a photomultiplier tube (PMT).

A detector that converts ionizing radiation directly into an electrical signal using a semiconductor material. Silicon and germanium are common semiconductor materials used in these detectors.

They are used in a variety of applications, including medical imaging, radiation monitoring, and nuclear physics research.

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are light-sensitive detectors that convert light signals into electrical signals.

Solid-state detectors offer several advantages, including long life expectancy and better reliability, but they also have limitations, such as lower sensitivity and poorer energy resolution.

A fundamental principle of radiation protection that emphasizes minimizing radiation exposure to all individuals while considering the societal and economic factors involved.

A key aspect of optimization that ensures exposure to radiation is kept "As Low As Reasonably Achievable" (ALARA). It involves implementing practical measures and strategies to reduce unnecessary exposure.

A principle in radiation protection that imposes limits on the amount of radiation an individual can receive within a specified time frame. These limits aim to minimize the risk of harmful radiation effects.

A cornerstone of radiation protection involving establishing limits on the amount of radiation individuals are exposed to in different settings. These limits ensure that radiation exposures are kept within safe and acceptable ranges.

The use of physical barriers, such as lead or concrete, to absorb or reduce the intensity of radiation. It is a critical method for protecting healthcare staff and patients from unnecessary exposure.

The distance between a radiation source and a person. Increasing the distance reduces the intensity of radiation exposure.

The use of specialized equipment and materials to absorb and reduce radiation exposure, particularly in computed tomography (CT) suites. This is crucial for protecting both staff and patients in CT imaging.

A special type of radiation measurement used in CT scanning that provides an index of the absorbed dose to air. This metric helps assess the radiation dose received during CT procedures.