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Questions and Answers
What is the primary pathogen responsible for acute otitis media?
What is the primary pathogen responsible for acute otitis media?
- Group A streptococci
- *H. Influenzae* (correct)
- *M. Catarrhalis*
- *S. pneumoniae*
What is the first-line treatment for acute otitis media in a child with no risk of resistant S. pneumoniae?
What is the first-line treatment for acute otitis media in a child with no risk of resistant S. pneumoniae?
- Amoxicillin/clavulanate
- Amoxicillin SD 45-60 mg/kg/day (correct)
- Tetracycline
- Amoxicillin HD 75-90 mg/kg/day
Which of the following pathogens are commonly associated with acute otitis media in neonates and children?
Which of the following pathogens are commonly associated with acute otitis media in neonates and children?
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Hepatitis A virus
- Escherichia coli
- Group B streptococci (correct)
If a child with acute otitis media does not show improvement after 3 days of therapy, what should be considered next?
If a child with acute otitis media does not show improvement after 3 days of therapy, what should be considered next?
Which pathogen is NOT commonly associated with acute otitis media in children?
Which pathogen is NOT commonly associated with acute otitis media in children?
Flashcards
Acute Otitis Media Pathogen
Acute Otitis Media Pathogen
Most common culprits are H. Influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and M. catarrhalis.
Amoxicillin dosage (Acute OM)
Amoxicillin dosage (Acute OM)
Standard dose 45-60mg/kg/day if no resistant S.pneumoniae risk; high dose 75-90mg/kg/day if risk factors present.
Neonate/Child OM Pathogens
Neonate/Child OM Pathogens
Group B streptococci, gram-negative enterics and S. aureus are also possible causes.
Acute OM Treatment Change
Acute OM Treatment Change
If no improvement after 3 days of Amoxicillin, switch to Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, a penicillin.
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Child OM Additional Bacteria
Child OM Additional Bacteria
S. aureus (and its resistant forms) and K. kingae, as well as Group A streptococci.
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Acute Otitis Media
- Pathogens: Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis
- Neonates: Group B streptococci, gram-negative enterics, S. aureus
- Children: S. aureus (including MSSA and MRSA), Group A streptococci, Klebsiella kingae (under 3 years old)
- Adults: S. aureus, gram-negative enterics
Osteomyelitis of Hematogenous Source
- Pathogens: S. aureus (including MSSA and MRSA), Group A streptococci
- Children: S. aureus (including MSSA and MRSA), with Group A streptococci, Klebsiella kingae(less than 3 years).
- Adults: S. aureus, gram-negative enterics
Osteomyelitis Due to Spread from Contiguous Sites
- Pathogens: S. aureus, gram-negative pathogens, mixed infection
- Spread: Head or neck, soft tissue infections, streptococci, genitourinary tract infections
- Additional pathogens: P. aeruginosa, S. aureus.
Osteomyelitis Due to Penetrating Trauma
- Pathogens: P. aeruginosa, S. aureus
Mild-Moderate C. difficile Diarrhea
- Pathogens: C. difficile
- 1st line therapy: Vancomycin 125mg PO QID x 10 days OR Fidaxomicin 200mg PO BID x 10 days OR Metronidazole 500mg PO TID x 10 days
Severe C. difficile Diarrhea
- Pathogens: C. difficile
- 1st line therapy: Vancomycin 125mg PO QID x 10 days OR Fidaxomicin 200mg PO BID x 10 days
Severe Complicated C. difficile Diarrhea
- Pathogens: C. difficile
- 1st line therapy: Vancomycin 125-500mg PO/NG QID + Metronidazole 500mg IV q8h (may consider adding rectal vancomycin if ileus)
Recurrent C. difficile Diarrhea
- Pathogens: C. difficile
- First recurrence: Vancomycin 125mg PO QID x 10 days with/without metronidazole; or Prolonged & tapered vancomycin regimen or Fidaxomicin 200mg PO BID x 10 days.
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