Acute Kidney Injury Overview
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Acute Kidney Injury Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the condition characterized by the involuntary loss of urine?

  • Anuria
  • Dysuria
  • Hematuria
  • Incontinence (correct)
  • Which term describes excessive urination at night?

  • Dysuria
  • Polyuria
  • Nocturia (correct)
  • Oliguria
  • What does a high fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) indicate in patients with low urine output?

  • Sodium retention by the kidney
  • Normal kidney function
  • Sodium wasting due to acute tubular necrosis (correct)
  • Chronic kidney disease
  • What does anuria indicate?

    <p>Urine output zero or less than 50 ml/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with hypocalcemia?

    <p>Acute pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with the presence of red blood cells in the urine?

    <p>Hematuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does azotemia signify in a patient?

    <p>Elevation of nitrogenous wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would you expect secondary hyperparathyroidism to occur?

    <p>Hypocalcemia due to vitamin D deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents painful or difficult voiding?

    <p>Dysuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected effect of increased production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in primary hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Increased serum calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory value indicates normal calcium levels?

    <p>8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory value is critical in diagnosing calcium imbalances?

    <p>Total serum calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a common non-drug cause of hypernatremia?

    <p>Water deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does low fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) suggest?

    <p>Sodium retention by the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte disorder is less common than sodium imbalances?

    <p>Hypercalcemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hyperparathyroidism occurs due to long-term adaptation to chronic hypocalcemia?

    <p>Tertiary hyperparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary treatment for hypercalcemia caused by cancer?

    <p>Calcitonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used to manage hypercalcemia by controlling overactive parathyroid glands?

    <p>Cinacalcet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major complication associated with the use of bisphosphonates for hypercalcemia treatment?

    <p>Osteonecrosis of the jaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may occur if hypomagnesemia becomes severe?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the body's magnesium is stored in bones?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with hypomagnesemia?

    <p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition does hypermagnesemia typically develop?

    <p>Chronic kidney failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of magnesium in the body?

    <p>It is essential for bone formation and enzyme function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a typical treatment for hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary cause of hypophosphatemia?

    <p>Chronic alcoholism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is commonly associated with hyperphosphatemia?

    <p>Chronic renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is associated with severe hypophosphatemia?

    <p>Neurologic confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is considered the 4th most abundant in the body?

    <p>Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of mild hypophosphatemia, which is an appropriate intervention?

    <p>Oral vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a consequence of acute kidney injury (AKI)?

    <p>Inability to excrete waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of the kidneys?

    <p>Producing erythropoietin for RBC production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes acidosis?

    <p>Arterial blood pH below 7.35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of electrolyte imbalances in the body?

    <p>Altered muscle and nerve function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT associated with causing acute kidney injury (AKI)?

    <p>Excessive physical exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the kidneys play in regulating the acid-base balance in the body?

    <p>They regulate bicarbonate levels by making or wasting HCO3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by excessive urination?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines acute kidney injury (AKI)?

    <p>Sudden decrease in kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the medication-related causes of acute kidney injury?

    <p>High-dose acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

    • An acute decline in renal function causing difficulties in properly excreting waste (BUN & SCr) and maintaining acid-base balance
    • Characterized by a rapid decrease in kidney function, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), over a short period (hours, days, or weeks)
    • Usually associated with an accumulation of waste products and fluid
    • Represents renal insufficiency with abnormal biochemical values and altered homeostasis
    • Can lead to fluid overload and persistent acid-base abnormalities resulting in electrolyte imbalances

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    Description

    Explore the critical aspects of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), including its definition, causes, and biochemical implications. This quiz highlights the rapid decline in renal function and its impact on waste excretion and acid-base balance. Test your knowledge on this important medical condition and its clinical significance.

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