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Questions and Answers
What is the condition characterized by the involuntary loss of urine?
What is the condition characterized by the involuntary loss of urine?
- Anuria
- Dysuria
- Hematuria
- Incontinence (correct)
Which term describes excessive urination at night?
Which term describes excessive urination at night?
- Dysuria
- Polyuria
- Nocturia (correct)
- Oliguria
What does a high fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) indicate in patients with low urine output?
What does a high fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) indicate in patients with low urine output?
- Sodium retention by the kidney
- Normal kidney function
- Sodium wasting due to acute tubular necrosis (correct)
- Chronic kidney disease
What does anuria indicate?
What does anuria indicate?
Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with hypocalcemia?
Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with hypocalcemia?
Which condition is associated with the presence of red blood cells in the urine?
Which condition is associated with the presence of red blood cells in the urine?
What does azotemia signify in a patient?
What does azotemia signify in a patient?
In which scenario would you expect secondary hyperparathyroidism to occur?
In which scenario would you expect secondary hyperparathyroidism to occur?
Which of the following represents painful or difficult voiding?
Which of the following represents painful or difficult voiding?
What is the expected effect of increased production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in primary hyperparathyroidism?
What is the expected effect of increased production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in primary hyperparathyroidism?
Which laboratory value indicates normal calcium levels?
Which laboratory value indicates normal calcium levels?
What laboratory value is critical in diagnosing calcium imbalances?
What laboratory value is critical in diagnosing calcium imbalances?
What does low fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) suggest?
What does low fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) suggest?
What could be a common non-drug cause of hypernatremia?
What could be a common non-drug cause of hypernatremia?
Which electrolyte disorder is less common than sodium imbalances?
Which electrolyte disorder is less common than sodium imbalances?
Which type of hyperparathyroidism occurs due to long-term adaptation to chronic hypocalcemia?
Which type of hyperparathyroidism occurs due to long-term adaptation to chronic hypocalcemia?
What is a primary treatment for hypercalcemia caused by cancer?
What is a primary treatment for hypercalcemia caused by cancer?
Which medication is commonly used to manage hypercalcemia by controlling overactive parathyroid glands?
Which medication is commonly used to manage hypercalcemia by controlling overactive parathyroid glands?
What is a major complication associated with the use of bisphosphonates for hypercalcemia treatment?
What is a major complication associated with the use of bisphosphonates for hypercalcemia treatment?
What condition may occur if hypomagnesemia becomes severe?
What condition may occur if hypomagnesemia becomes severe?
What percentage of the body's magnesium is stored in bones?
What percentage of the body's magnesium is stored in bones?
Which symptom is NOT associated with hypomagnesemia?
Which symptom is NOT associated with hypomagnesemia?
Under what condition does hypermagnesemia typically develop?
Under what condition does hypermagnesemia typically develop?
Which of the following best describes the role of magnesium in the body?
Which of the following best describes the role of magnesium in the body?
What is a common symptom of hypermagnesemia?
What is a common symptom of hypermagnesemia?
Which of the following describes a consequence of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Which of the following describes a consequence of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
What is a primary cause of hypophosphatemia?
What is a primary cause of hypophosphatemia?
Which of the following correctly describes acidosis?
Which of the following correctly describes acidosis?
What symptom is associated with severe hypophosphatemia?
What symptom is associated with severe hypophosphatemia?
Which electrolyte is considered the 4th most abundant in the body?
Which electrolyte is considered the 4th most abundant in the body?
In the treatment of mild hypophosphatemia, which is an appropriate intervention?
In the treatment of mild hypophosphatemia, which is an appropriate intervention?
Which of the following represents a typical treatment for hypermagnesemia?
Which of the following represents a typical treatment for hypermagnesemia?
What is one of the primary functions of the kidneys?
What is one of the primary functions of the kidneys?
Which condition is commonly associated with hyperphosphatemia?
Which condition is commonly associated with hyperphosphatemia?
What is a consequence of electrolyte imbalances in the body?
What is a consequence of electrolyte imbalances in the body?
Which factor is NOT associated with causing acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Which factor is NOT associated with causing acute kidney injury (AKI)?
What role do the kidneys play in regulating the acid-base balance in the body?
What role do the kidneys play in regulating the acid-base balance in the body?
Which condition is characterized by excessive urination?
Which condition is characterized by excessive urination?
What defines acute kidney injury (AKI)?
What defines acute kidney injury (AKI)?
What is one of the medication-related causes of acute kidney injury?
What is one of the medication-related causes of acute kidney injury?
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Study Notes
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
- An acute decline in renal function causing difficulties in properly excreting waste (BUN & SCr) and maintaining acid-base balance
- Characterized by a rapid decrease in kidney function, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), over a short period (hours, days, or weeks)
- Usually associated with an accumulation of waste products and fluid
- Represents renal insufficiency with abnormal biochemical values and altered homeostasis
- Can lead to fluid overload and persistent acid-base abnormalities resulting in electrolyte imbalances
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