24 Questions
What is the primary function of vasodilation during the inflammatory response?
To increase blood flow to the injured area
What happens to arterioles in the immediate aftermath of an injury?
They go into spasm and constrict
What is the role of endothelial cells in the inflammatory response?
To retract and allow leukocytes to migrate into the interstitial space
What is the purpose of fibrin in the inflammatory response?
To contain foreign substances and promote healing
What happens to capillary permeability during the inflammatory response?
It increases to allow leukocytes to migrate
What type of cells are involved in phagocytosis during the inflammatory response?
Neutrophils and monocytes
What happens to blood vessels during the inflammatory response?
They become more permeable to leukocytes
What is the ultimate goal of the inflammatory response?
To contain and eliminate foreign substances and promote healing
What is the primary goal of administering aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of acute inflammation?
To relieve pain and fever
What is the systemic response following local inflammation known as?
Acute-phase response
What is the result of chronic inflammation in tissues?
Breakdown of healthy tissue
Which of the following diseases is characterized by chronic inflammation?
All of the above
What is the role of leukocytes in chronic inflammation?
They amplify the inflammatory response
What is the result of chronic inflammation in terms of cancer risk?
It increases the risk of developing many types of cancer
What is the first stage of wound healing?
Hemostasis
What is the purpose of the inflammation phase in wound healing?
To clear out damaged and dead cells
What is the primary role of pyrogens in the immune response?
To create an unpleasant environment for bacterial growth by producing fever
What is the primary function of interferons in the immune response?
To trigger the synthesis of enzymes that inhibit viral replication
What is the typical duration of acute inflammation?
A few days
What is the primary benefit of acute inflammation?
To immobilize the area of injury as the rest of the immune system mobilizes to heal
What is the role of the spleen and liver during mild fevers?
To remove iron from the blood, which is required by many bacteria to reproduce
What is the effect of fever on the spread of viral infections?
Fever inhibits the spread of viral infections
What is the primary function of vascular stages in the inflammatory response?
To increase blood flow and lead to changes in the small blood vessels of the microcirculation
What is the benefit of interferon production in the immune response?
It stops the spread of the virus to new cells
Study Notes
Inflammatory Response
- The treatment of acute inflammation involves administering aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents to relieve pain and fever.
- The systemic response to local inflammation is known as the acute-phase response, characterized by fever, increased hormone synthesis, white blood cell production, and acute-phase protein production in the liver.
Chronic Inflammation
- Chronic inflammation occurs when the inflammation becomes the problem rather than the solution to infection, injury, or disease.
- Chronic inflammation can break down healthy tissue in a misdirected attempt at repair and healing.
- Diseases characterized by chronic inflammation include Crohn's, Lupus, Psoriasis, Diabetes, Coronary artery disease, Rheumatoid arthritis, Asthma, Solid organ transplant rejection, Chronic Bronchitis, Cancer.
- Chronic inflammation increases the risk of developing many types of cancer.
Wound Healing
- Wound healing is the replacement of destroyed or damaged tissue with newly produced tissue.
- The stages of wound healing include hemostasis (blood clotting), inflammation (clearing damaged cells and pathogens), and proliferation and remodeling.
Pyrogens
- Pyrogens are molecules released by macrophages exposed to bacteria, which travel to the hypothalamus and trigger fever, creating an unfavorable environment for bacterial growth.
- Fever causes the spleen and liver to remove iron from the blood, which is required by many bacteria to reproduce, and increases metabolism, facilitating healing and phagocytosis.
Interferons
- Interferons are small proteins released from cells infected by viruses, which bind to receptors on uninfected cells, triggering the synthesis of enzymes that inhibit viral replication.
- Interferons do not protect cells already infected by a virus but rather stop the spread of the virus to new cells.
Inflammatory Response
- Acute inflammation typically lasts only a few days and is a beneficial process that serves to immobilize the area of injury as the rest of the immune system mobilizes to heal.
- The inflammatory response is characterized by erythema (redness), edema (swelling), heat, and pain at the site of injury.
- The response is triggered by a set of mediators, including histamine and prostaglandins.
- After injury, arterioles constrict to limit bleeding and then dilate to increase blood flow, providing the area with essential immune cells, nutrients, and oxygen.
This quiz covers the treatment of acute inflammation, including the administration of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and the systemic response following local inflammation.
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