Acute Coronary Syndrome Criteria and Cardiac Biomarkers
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of Diastolic Heart Failure?

  • Enlarged heart ventricle
  • Stiff and noncompliant heart muscle (correct)
  • Decreased Ejection Fraction
  • Weak and flaccid heart muscle

    • Which term refers to the percentage of blood expelled from the left ventricle with every contraction?

  • Afterload
  • Contractility
  • Preload
  • Ejection Fraction (correct)

    • Which medication is used in the medical management of Heart Failure by decreasing preload and afterload through a dilation effect?

  • Digoxin
  • Dobutamine
  • Nitroglycerin
  • Milrinone (correct)

    • Why might patients switch from ACE inhibitors to ARBs in Heart Failure management?

    <p>Due to ACE cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Betablockers in Heart Failure management?

    <p>Decrease constant stimulation of SNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication for Heart Failure management is known for its potent vasodilator effects?

    <p>Nitroprusside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored closely when administering Dobutamine as an IV infusion in Heart Failure?

    <p>Tachyarrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiac biomarker is the most specific for indicating cardiac damage in acute MI?

    <p>Troponin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of reducing oxygen demand in a patient experiencing Acute Coronary Syndrome?

    <p>To decrease workload on the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is typically part of the MONA B protocol for managing Acute Coronary Syndrome?

    <p>Morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In systolic heart failure, what is the main characteristic of the heart muscle?

    <p>Reduced ejection fraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient with ACS, what is the recommended heart rate to reduce the workload on the heart?

    <p>Less than 100 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bed rest in managing Acute Coronary Syndrome?

    <p>To prevent exertion and reduce oxygen demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme peaks at about 24 hours post myocardial infarction but is less reliable than troponin as a cardiac-specific biomarker?

    <p>Creatine Kinase - MB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Reperfusion therapy in managing Acute Coronary Syndrome?

    <p>To restore blood flow to the heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the general signs and symptoms of heart failure related to inadequate tissue perfusion?

    <p>Cool extremities and altered mental status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the timeframe within which beta-blocker therapy should be initiated post myocardial infarction according to the text?

    <p>At least within 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiac biomarker is considered less reliable than troponin in diagnosing an acute MI?

    <p>Creatine Kinase - MB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of bed rest for a patient experiencing Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?

    <p>To prevent exertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In systolic heart failure, which aspect of cardiac function is typically affected?

    <p>Ejection fraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the components of MONA B for managing ACS, which one helps reduce the work on the heart?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Acute Coronary Syndrome, what does a MAP above 65 aim to ensure?

    <p>Vital organ perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiac biomarker indicates non-specific injury to the heart and is not a specific indicator of myocardial infarction?

    <p>Myoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of reducing oxygen therapy for a patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?

    <p>To reduce oxygen demand on the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy, when administered post-MI, should ideally commence within 24 hours of the myocardial infarction?

    <p>Beta blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of having a heart rate less than 100 bpm in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome?

    <p>To minimize the workload on the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Troponin considered a more reliable cardiac biomarker compared to Creatine Kinase - MB in diagnosing ACS?

    <p>Troponin remains elevated for up to 10 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark characteristic of Diastolic Heart Failure?

    <p>Stiff and noncompliant heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the percentage of blood expelled from the left ventricle with every contraction?

    <p>Ejection Fraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the GOLD STANDARD lab test for diagnosing Heart Failure?

    <p>BNP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is used to reduce the constant stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system in Heart Failure?

    <p>Beta-blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Milrinone (Primacor) in Heart Failure?

    <p>Decrease cardiac workload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of Dobutamine infusion?

    <p>Drop in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is considered a potent vasodilator used in Heart Failure?

    <p>Nitroprusside (Niapride)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of administering oxygen therapy in pulmonary edema?

    <p>To improve tissue perfusion by increasing oxygen delivery to cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can lead to Flash Pulmonary Edema?

    <p>Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Cardiogenic Shock, what is the primary reason for inadequate tissue perfusion and organ failure?

    <p>Inability of the heart to pump enough blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can increasing the afterload help a hypotensive patient in cardiogenic shock?

    <p>By increasing the pressure to get blood moving forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common goal for circulatory support in cardiogenic shock patients?

    <p>To achieve a mean arterial pressure (MAP) above 65 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) placed too high into the aortic arch?

    <p>Block circulation to the left arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be used to lower excessive preload in cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Left Ventricular Assistive Device (LVAD)?

    <p>To help the heart pump oxygenated blood to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cardiogenic shock, what action is recommended if the afterload is too low?

    <p>Increase afterload using vasopressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cardiogenic shock, what is one of the goals to reduce the effects?

    <p>Decrease afterload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended MAP level in circulatory support for cardiogenic shock patients?

    <p>Between 65-70 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications can be used to support left ventricle in cardiogenic shock by lowering pressure and volume?

    <p>Diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Left Ventricular Assistive Device (LVAD) in cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Augment blood supply to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Impella Device in cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Push blood from left ventricle to aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can occur with an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) if it is placed too high into the aortic arch?

    <p>Loss of limb circulation to left arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Pee it, Park it, Pump it' is a strategy used for managing which aspect of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'NEVER titrate off up or down too fast' is an important reminder for which therapy in cardiogenic shock?

    <p><b>Inotropic support</b></p> Signup and view all the answers

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