51 Questions
What is the primary characteristic of Diastolic Heart Failure?
Stiff and noncompliant heart muscle
Which term refers to the percentage of blood expelled from the left ventricle with every contraction?
Ejection Fraction
Which medication is used in the medical management of Heart Failure by decreasing preload and afterload through a dilation effect?
Milrinone
Why might patients switch from ACE inhibitors to ARBs in Heart Failure management?
Due to ACE cough
What is the primary function of Betablockers in Heart Failure management?
Decrease constant stimulation of SNS
Which medication for Heart Failure management is known for its potent vasodilator effects?
Nitroprusside
What should be monitored closely when administering Dobutamine as an IV infusion in Heart Failure?
Tachyarrhythmias
Which cardiac biomarker is the most specific for indicating cardiac damage in acute MI?
Troponin
What is the main purpose of reducing oxygen demand in a patient experiencing Acute Coronary Syndrome?
To decrease workload on the heart
Which medication is typically part of the MONA B protocol for managing Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Morphine
In systolic heart failure, what is the main characteristic of the heart muscle?
Reduced ejection fraction
For a patient with ACS, what is the recommended heart rate to reduce the workload on the heart?
Less than 100 bpm
What is the role of bed rest in managing Acute Coronary Syndrome?
To prevent exertion and reduce oxygen demand
Which enzyme peaks at about 24 hours post myocardial infarction but is less reliable than troponin as a cardiac-specific biomarker?
Creatine Kinase - MB
What is the primary function of Reperfusion therapy in managing Acute Coronary Syndrome?
To restore blood flow to the heart muscle
What are the general signs and symptoms of heart failure related to inadequate tissue perfusion?
Cool extremities and altered mental status
What is the timeframe within which beta-blocker therapy should be initiated post myocardial infarction according to the text?
At least within 24 hours
Which cardiac biomarker is considered less reliable than troponin in diagnosing an acute MI?
Creatine Kinase - MB
What is the primary purpose of bed rest for a patient experiencing Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?
To prevent exertion
In systolic heart failure, which aspect of cardiac function is typically affected?
Ejection fraction
Among the components of MONA B for managing ACS, which one helps reduce the work on the heart?
Oxygen
In Acute Coronary Syndrome, what does a MAP above 65 aim to ensure?
Vital organ perfusion
Which cardiac biomarker indicates non-specific injury to the heart and is not a specific indicator of myocardial infarction?
Myoglobin
What is the primary goal of reducing oxygen therapy for a patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)?
To reduce oxygen demand on the heart
Which therapy, when administered post-MI, should ideally commence within 24 hours of the myocardial infarction?
Beta blockers
What is the significance of having a heart rate less than 100 bpm in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome?
To minimize the workload on the heart
Why is Troponin considered a more reliable cardiac biomarker compared to Creatine Kinase - MB in diagnosing ACS?
Troponin remains elevated for up to 10 days.
What is the hallmark characteristic of Diastolic Heart Failure?
Stiff and noncompliant heart muscle
Which term refers to the percentage of blood expelled from the left ventricle with every contraction?
Ejection Fraction
What is the GOLD STANDARD lab test for diagnosing Heart Failure?
BNP
Which medication class is used to reduce the constant stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system in Heart Failure?
Beta-blockers
What is the function of Milrinone (Primacor) in Heart Failure?
Decrease cardiac workload
What is a common side effect of Dobutamine infusion?
Drop in blood pressure
Which medication is considered a potent vasodilator used in Heart Failure?
Nitroprusside (Niapride)
What is the primary goal of administering oxygen therapy in pulmonary edema?
To improve tissue perfusion by increasing oxygen delivery to cells
What condition can lead to Flash Pulmonary Edema?
Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI)
In Cardiogenic Shock, what is the primary reason for inadequate tissue perfusion and organ failure?
Inability of the heart to pump enough blood
How can increasing the afterload help a hypotensive patient in cardiogenic shock?
By increasing the pressure to get blood moving forward
What is a common goal for circulatory support in cardiogenic shock patients?
To achieve a mean arterial pressure (MAP) above 65 mmHg
What is a potential complication of an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) placed too high into the aortic arch?
Block circulation to the left arm
Which medication can be used to lower excessive preload in cardiogenic shock?
Diuretics
What is the primary purpose of a Left Ventricular Assistive Device (LVAD)?
To help the heart pump oxygenated blood to the body
In cardiogenic shock, what action is recommended if the afterload is too low?
Increase afterload using vasopressors
In cardiogenic shock, what is one of the goals to reduce the effects?
Decrease afterload
What is the recommended MAP level in circulatory support for cardiogenic shock patients?
Between 65-70 mmHg
Which of the following medications can be used to support left ventricle in cardiogenic shock by lowering pressure and volume?
Diuretics
What is the primary purpose of a Left Ventricular Assistive Device (LVAD) in cardiogenic shock?
Augment blood supply to the heart
What is the function of the Impella Device in cardiogenic shock?
Push blood from left ventricle to aorta
What complication can occur with an Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) if it is placed too high into the aortic arch?
Loss of limb circulation to left arm
'Pee it, Park it, Pump it' is a strategy used for managing which aspect of cardiogenic shock?
Preload
'NEVER titrate off up or down too fast' is an important reminder for which therapy in cardiogenic shock?
Inotropic support
Learn about the three criteria of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ST elevated MI, Non-ST elevated MI, Unstable Angina) and the cardiac biomarkers (Troponin, Creatine Kinase-MB, Myoglobin) used for diagnosis. Understand how these biomarkers provide valuable information about a cardiac event.
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