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During the diuretic phase of acute renal failure, which of the following should be most expected?
During the diuretic phase of acute renal failure, which of the following should be most expected?
The client newly diagnosed with chronic renal failure recently has begun hemodialysis. What should the nurse assess for during dialysis due to the risk of disequilibrium syndrome?
The client newly diagnosed with chronic renal failure recently has begun hemodialysis. What should the nurse assess for during dialysis due to the risk of disequilibrium syndrome?
The nurse is reviewing the client's record and notes that the physician has documented a renal disorder. Which lab result would the nurse most likely expect to note?
The nurse is reviewing the client's record and notes that the physician has documented a renal disorder. Which lab result would the nurse most likely expect to note?
Assessing the laboratory findings, which result would the nurse most likely expect to find in a client with chronic renal failure?
Assessing the laboratory findings, which result would the nurse most likely expect to find in a client with chronic renal failure?
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What occurs during the diuretic phase of acute renal failure?
What occurs during the diuretic phase of acute renal failure?
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Study Notes
Acute Renal Failure
- There is an increase in urine output from 1 to 3 liters/day during the diuretic phase of acute renal failure
- The diuretic phase can last from 1 to 3 weeks
- Acute renal failure is reversible
Chronic Renal Failure
- Polyuria occurs early in chronic renal failure. If untreated, severe dehydration can occur.
- Polyuria progresses to anuria, marking a complete loss of normal kidney function.
- Oliguria and anuria are not early signs of chronic renal failure.
- Polydipsia is not related to chronic renal failure.
Lab Results
- An elevated BUN level is an indication of impaired renal function.
- Elevated BUN levels will be noted when the glomerular filtration rate falls below 40% to 60%.
- A decreased hemoglobin level and red blood cell count may be observed if bleeding from the urinary tract or a decline in erythropoietic function occurs.
- An increased white blood cell count is more likely to be noted in renal disease.
Chronic Renal Failure: Hemodialysis & Disequilibrium Syndrome
- A client with chronic renal failure who is newly on hemodialysis is at risk for disequilibrium syndrome.
- Disequilibrium syndrome is characterized by headache, mental confusion, decreasing level of consciousness, nausea, vomiting, twitching, and potential seizures.
- Disequilibrium syndrome is caused by the rapid removal of solutes from the body during hemodialysis. This, along with the blood-brain barrier, prevents efficient waste removal from brain tissue.
- As a result, water moves into cerebral cells due to the osmotic gradient, leading to brain swelling and the onset of symptoms.
- Disequilibrium syndrome is most common in clients new to dialysis and can be prevented by shorter dialysis sessions or reduced blood flow rates.
Assessment for Disequilibrium Syndrome
- During hemodialysis, the nurse should assess for signs and symptoms of disequilibrium syndrome, including:
- Headache
- Deteriorating level of consciousness
- Twitching
Chronic Renal Failure: Laboratory Findings
- In a client with chronic renal failure, the nurse should expect to see the following laboratory findings:
- Elevated BUN
- Decreased serum calcium
- Blood pH below 7.2
- Increased potassium
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Description
This quiz explores the key aspects of acute and chronic renal failure, including symptoms, lab results, and phases of the conditions. Understand the differences, causes, and implications of renal failure to better grasp renal health and disease. Test your knowledge on renal function and its pathology.
