Acupuncture Points: Location and Uses
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Spring points in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

  • To tonify fire or heat
  • To strengthen weak yang or fire
  • To regulate emotions
  • To clear excess heat rapidly (correct)

    • What is the location of the Stream points in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

  • Near or at the elbows and knees
  • At the fingertips and toes
  • On the head and neck
  • Between the wrist and elbow or ankle and knee (correct)

    • What is the main action of the Yang meridians in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

  • To balance Yin and Yang
  • To reduce excess conditions (correct)
  • To regulate emotions
  • To tonify deficiencies

    • What is the characteristic of the Qi flow at the Sea points in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Slower and more directed inward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of the River points in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Treating cough and asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Source points in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>They contain Original or Yuan-source Qi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Paracelsus believe in, which suggests that plants contain visible signs of their medicinal properties?

    <p>Doctrine of signatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the 'Excitation' tissue state?

    <p>Cloudy thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 'active ingredients' of a plant, which can have primary or secondary constituents?

    <p>Herbal constituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the 'Damp-stagnation' tissue state?

    <p>Poor waste excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the effect an herb and its constituents have on the body?

    <p>Herbal actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for translating Latin herbal pharmacopeia to English, making it accessible to the poor?

    <p>Nicholas Culpeper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbal examples contains an indole alkaloid?

    <p>Passionflower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of consuming alkaloids?

    <p>Toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following effects is NOT associated with alkaloids?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbal example is a source of a purine alkaloid?

    <p>Coffee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which conditions are alkaloids contraindicated?

    <p>Pregnancy and lactation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)?

    <p>To estimate the amount of a nutrient that meets the requirements of half of all healthy people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins requires a prescription in Ontario if the dose exceeds 1mg?

    <p>Folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of folic acid in the body?

    <p>To promote the growth of rapidly dividing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diets is associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease, while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients?

    <p>Mediterranean diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why vegetarians and vegans need to supplement with Vitamin B12?

    <p>Because it is only found in animal products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of a deficiency in folic acid during pregnancy?

    <p>The development of spina bifida in babies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of saponins that makes them 'soap-like'?

    <p>A steroid or triterpene fat-soluble base joined with a water-soluble sugar molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbal examples is NOT an adaptogen?

    <p>Cleavers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of analgesic action of salicylate-containing herbs?

    <p>Sodium dependent channel inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbal examples is NOT a cardiac stimulant?

    <p>Cleavers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential side effect of high doses of salicylate-containing herbs in individuals with zinc deficiency?

    <p>Hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of anti-inflammatory herbs in the body?

    <p>Modulating cytokines and interleukins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glycone unit in phenolic glycosides?

    <p>To make the aglycone more water soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consideration for herb-drug interactions in terms of the GI tract?

    <p>Changes in the way a substance is absorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the toxicity of a herb?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of effects can occur between herbs and drugs?

    <p>Both additive and counteracting effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration for herbal ethics and safety in terms of cultural sensitivity?

    <p>Respecting the cultural traditions of the herb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of alkaloids in plants?

    <p>To protect against insects and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Adequate Intake (AI) in nutrient measurement?

    <p>To determine the amount of a nutrient eaten by a group of healthy people to promote health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is necessary for rapidly dividing cells and fetal development during pregnancy?

    <p>Folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

    <p>It is the average daily dietary intake that meets the requirements of almost all healthy people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients requires a prescription in Ontario if the dose exceeds 1mg?

    <p>Folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)?

    <p>To estimate the maximum amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cobalt in Vitamin B12?

    <p>It gives Vitamin B12 its red color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the Five Elements in TCM?

    <p>They represent the cyclical patterns of nature and their interrelationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Yin in the context of TCM?

    <p>It is associated with the qualities of cold, dark, and feminine energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary principle of the theory of Yin and Yang?

    <p>Yin and Yang are interdependent and constantly interacting principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Huang Di Nei Jing in TCM?

    <p>It is the earliest written record of TCM theory and practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Yin deficiency and Yang deficiency in TCM?

    <p>Yin deficiency is characterized by hot symptoms, while Yang deficiency is characterized by cold symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main principle of the Four Aspects of Yin and Yang?

    <p>Yin and Yang are cyclical and constantly transforming into one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbal examples is classified as an astringent, with actions including binding, tightening, and drying?

    <p>Meadowsweet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbal examples is NOT a cholagogue or choleretic?

    <p>Milk Thistle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following systems is NOT supported by the herbal example Horsechestnut?

    <p>Gastrointestinal Tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of bitters on the body?

    <p>Stimulating the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbal examples is NOT classified as an organ-specific remedy for the Kidney?

    <p>Plantain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of a hepatic alterative on the body?

    <p>Improving the function of the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of saponins in the body?

    <p>Immunomodulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbal examples is a source of salicylates?

    <p>White Willow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory herbs in the body?

    <p>Modulating cytokines and interleukins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of analgesic herbs in the body?

    <p>Soothing and relieving pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbal examples is an adaptogen?

    <p>Ginseng</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk of consuming high doses of salicylate-containing herbs?

    <p>Hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary mechanism of pain relief via nociceptor inhibition in myofascial trigger points?

    <p>Release of intrinsic hormones from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary direction of Qi flow in the body according to the Meridian flow theory?

    <p>From greater yin to greater yang</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas of the brain is involved in the neurophysiological effects of acupuncture?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of the Yang meridians in the body?

    <p>Back and upper body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the Yang areas of the body?

    <p>Light, warm, and active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of the fingertips or corner of the nailbed in acupuncture?

    <p>Elimination of pathogenic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)?

    <p>To prevent nutrient deficiencies and lower the risk of chronic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of consuming high amounts of trans fats?

    <p>Increased risk of cardiovascular disease and high cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of socialization while eating?

    <p>It promotes mindful eating and improves overall health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of people globally who are malnourished or at high risk?

    <p>20-50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of implementing proper nutrient plans?

    <p>To support patient nutritional status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of creating public awareness about the costs of chronic illness?

    <p>To reduce the economic burden on society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the tongue in an individual experiencing nervous exhaustion and poor memory?

    <p>Dry and narrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the ideal time to harvest aerial parts of a plant?

    <p>Spring to late summer, when the herb flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage method for dried roots?

    <p>In an air-tight container in a cool, dark place for up to 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the pulse in an individual experiencing tension and anxiety?

    <p>Wiry and tense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the ideal time to harvest roots in herbalism?

    <p>Autumn, when the nutrients settle downwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the processing method for bark in herbalism?

    <p>Strip the bark with a knife, then cut into pieces and dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Pantothenic Acid in the body?

    <p>Energy Releasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Insulin in glucose metabolism during resting state?

    <p>Required for glucose to bind to cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of LDL lipoprotein?

    <p>Fat is more than protein coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Apolipoproteins in lipoprotein metabolism?

    <p>Act as structural role and guide lipoprotein formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of imbalance of glucose in the body?

    <p>DM, IHD, HTSN, Renal dysfunction / failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microbiome in the body?

    <p>Regulate inflammation, Cancer prevention, Weight flux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Biotin in the body?

    <p>Energy Releasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of HDL lipoprotein?

    <p>Protein coat is more than fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Copper in the body?

    <p>Blood building, hemoglobin synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Proteins in the body?

    <p>Growth, development, Hematopoietic function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a liniment?

    <p>To apply herbal constituents directly to the skin for muscular use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a decoction and an infusion?

    <p>Decoction is used for woody herbs, while infusion is used for non-woody herbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a poultice?

    <p>To apply fresh, dried, or powdered herbs directly to the body for skin irritation or muscle pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a glycerite?

    <p>It is a type of tincture that uses glycerine as a solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a compress?

    <p>To apply an infusion or decoction to the skin with a soaked cloth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a salve?

    <p>It is a type of solid product that uses beeswax or a thickener to apply herbal constituents to the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the tongue in an individual with Yin deficiency?

    <p>Absence of coating, pale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emotional response associated with the Metal element in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Sad, grief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the pulse in an individual with Yin deficiency?

    <p>Deep, slow, weak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction associated with the Metal element in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the secretion associated with the Spleen and Stomach organs in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the flavor associated with the Spleen and Stomach organs in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Sweet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of B3 in the body?

    <p>Converting tryptophan into B3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of zinc in the body?

    <p>Required for fertility and sperm production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of alkalization of corn?

    <p>Releases niacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary dietary source of selenium?

    <p>Brazil nuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a severe niacin deficiency?

    <p>Weakness, blurred vision, and scaly dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of multiple amino acids in the body?

    <p>Synthesizing protein structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of tannins on the absorption of other constituents?

    <p>Reduce absorption via precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of mucilage?

    <p>Forms a gel-like consistency when combined with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of demulcents?

    <p>Soothe and protect internal tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbs is an example of a vulnerary?

    <p>Comfrey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between water-based and fat-based solutions?

    <p>The constituents that are extracted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of emollients?

    <p>Forms a protective barrier on the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Coumarins?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Flavonoids?

    <p>Antimicrobial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Mucilage in Bulking Laxatives?

    <p>To pull water into the colon and soften stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of a lack of diversity in the gut microbiome?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of prebiotics in the gut?

    <p>To feed good bacteria and promote their growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbal examples is classified as a Soothing Expectorant?

    <p>Plantain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of Allantoin in wound healing?

    <p>To promote granular tissue laydown and form scab/eschar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a food intolerance?

    <p>A non-immune mediated response to a specific food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the action of Flavonoids as antioxidant?

    <p>They act as H+ donors allowing resonance stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the low-FODMAP diet?

    <p>To exclude FODMAP foods for 6-8 weeks and then reintroduce them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory herbs in the body?

    <p>Inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a dysbiotic gut microbiome?

    <p>An imbalance of good and bad bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of incorporating anti-inflammatory foods into the diet?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of probiotics in the gut?

    <p>Reducing inflammation and promoting gut healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a food allergy?

    <p>An immediate allergic response to a specific food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of incorporating prebiotic-rich foods into the diet?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Shen in the body?

    <p>To provide consciousness and mental activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Spleen in blood metabolism?

    <p>To make blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Jin fluids in the body?

    <p>Clear and watery, controlled by the Lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Liver in blood metabolism?

    <p>To store blood Qi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fluid metabolism in the body?

    <p>To separate and purify fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between blood and Qi in the body?

    <p>Blood is the mother of Qi, providing nutritional substance and Qi is the commander of blood, providing movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is essential for activation of Vitamin E?

    <p>Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Tryptophan in the body?

    <p>Converting to B3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following foods is a rich source of zinc?

    <p>Brazil nuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Niacin in the body?

    <p>Enhancing glucose metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is associated with a severe deficiency of Niacin?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of multiple amino acids in the body?

    <p>Synthesizing protein structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a Full-Cold pattern in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>an absence of thirst and cold limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Wei Qi in the human body?

    <p>to protect from exterior attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a Qi deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>a pale face and weak voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Empty Qi and Empty Yang in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>Empty Qi has cold limbs, while Empty Yang has no thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a Floating pulse in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

    <p>it is rapid and superficial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Qi Hua in the human body?

    <p>to function the organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of flavonoids in reducing oxidative damage?

    <p>Acting as H+ donors, allowing resonance stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of coumarins' anti-inflammatory effect?

    <p>Modifying edema and promoting anti-inflammatory effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of bulking laxatives in the colon?

    <p>Pulling water into the colon to soften and bulk stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of soothing expectorants on lung tissue?

    <p>Relaxing bronchial tissues and loosening mucous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of allantoin's action?

    <p>Promoting granular tissue laydown to form scab/eschar sooner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of flavonoids' antioxidant effect?

    <p>Reducing oxidative damage by transferring electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of saponins on the body?

    <p>Immunomodulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbal examples is NOT a source of saponins?

    <p>Cayenne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of salicylates in the body?

    <p>Inhibiting sodium-dependent channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbal examples is classified as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic/febrifuge?

    <p>Cayenne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of saponins that makes them 'soap-like'?

    <p>Combination of a steroid or triterpene fat-soluble base with a water-soluble sugar molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbal examples is NOT an adaptogen?

    <p>Cayenne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

    • Acupuncture and Chinese herbal remedies date back 2200 years
    • Shang Dynasty: archeological findings of acupuncture and bones with medical problems engraved
    • Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic): earliest written record of TCM

    Five Elements and Yin-Yang Theory

    • Five Elements (Xu Wing): wood, fire, earth, metal, and water
    • Book of Changes (Yi Jing): earliest reference to yin and yang
    • Yin-Yang Theory: opposites, interdependent, mutually consuming, and inter-transforming
    • Four aspects of yin-yang: opposition, interdependence, mutual consumption, and inter-transformation

    Yin and Yang Qualities

    • Yin: material, nourishing, contracting, descending, cooling, and feminine
    • Yang: immaterial, energizing, expanding, rising, warming, and masculine

    Channel Theory

    • Channel theory: meridians, source points, and river points
    • Source points: larger points in TCM that contain Original or Yuan-source Qi
    • River points: wider and deeper points that treat cough, asthma, and respiratory conditions

    Herbal Constituents and Actions

    • Herbal constituents: active ingredients, such as carbohydrates, lipids, phenolics, and terpenoids
    • Herbal actions: adaptogen, anti-inflammatory, stimulating expectorant, and immunomodulator
    • Examples of herbal constituents: saponins, alkaloids, and salicylates

    Herbal Examples and Classifications

    • Bitters: digestive stimulant, many constituents, such as hepatics, alteratives, and cholagogues
    • Astringents: binding, tightening, and drying, such as yarrow and witch hazel
    • Saponins: soap-like, based on a steroid or triterpene fat-soluble base, such as wild yam and licorice

    Nutrition and Dietary Recommendations

    • Vitamins: necessary for rapidly dividing cells, growth, and NS development
    • Minerals: necessary for maintaining bone and connective tissue health, electrolyte balance, and muscle and nerve action potential
    • Macronutrients: carbohydrate, protein, and lipid
    • Micronutrients: iron, copper, zinc, selenium, and chromium

    Measurements and Dietary Allowances

    • Estimated Average Requirement (EAR): calculated by the amount of a nutrient that meets the requirements of half of all healthy people

    • Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): average daily dietary intake that meets the requirements of almost all healthy people

    • Adequate Intake (AI): determines the amount of a nutrient eaten by a group of healthy people

    • Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): maximum amount of a nutrient that can be consumed

    • Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR): percentage range of macronutrient intake associated with reduced risk of chronic disease### Herbal Medicine and TCM

    • Nervous Exhaustion: symptoms include poor memory, quivering tongue, and tense muscles; treated with relaxants, antispasmodics, nervines, aromatics, and diaphoretics.

    Parts of Herbal Plants

    • Aerial Parts: harvested during spring to late summer when in flower; processed by drying on racks or hanging in bunches.
    • Roots: harvested in autumn when nutrients settle; processed by washing, peeling, cutting, and drying.
    • Bark: harvested in early spring or autumn; processed by stripping with a knife, cutting into pieces, and drying.

    Acupuncture

    • Pain Management: via opioid peptides (gait theory) and intrinsic hormone release; muscle length changes and neurological inhibition.
    • Neurophysiological Effects: mediated by various brain areas (fMRI studies); used for neurological conditions.

    Meridian Flow Theory

    • Qi (Energy) Flow: interconnectedness of body and organs; flows from greater yin to greater yang areas.
    • Yin and Yang Areas: Front/Lower body/Leg = yin; Back/Upper body/Arms = yang; transition areas include elbows, wrists, and head.

    Herbal Preparations

    • Tincture: herbs steeped in alcohol or vinegar; benefits include fast processing and high concentration.
    • Liniment: alcohol/vinegar tincture applied directly to skin for muscular use.
    • Glycerite: herbs steeped in glycerine; shelf life of 1 year.
    • Infusion: water-based preparation for non-woody herbs.
    • Decoction: woody herbs simmered in water; requires more heat and time.
    • Inhalation: infusion or decoction inhaled as steam.
    • Bath: strong infusion or decoction added to bath water.
    • Poultice: fresh, dried, or powdered herb applied directly to the body.
    • Salve: beeswax or thickener added to oil to produce a solid product.

    5 Elements and Corresponding TCM Organs

    • Metal: lungs, LI; direction: contract; season: winter; secretion: mucous; emotions: sad, grief; flavor: pungent.

    Nutrire and Health

    • Diet Composition: counts calories, nurtures, and influences nutrition.
    • Accessibility: considers cost, cultural, and social preferences when prescribing nutrition support.
    • Regulations: includes sugar tax.
    • Daily Food: recommends vegetables, fruits, whole grains, proteins, and low-fat milk.
    • Daily Physical Activity: recommended for health.
    • Malnutrition: affects 20-50% of people globally; leads to weight management issues, nutrient deficiencies, and poor immunity.

    Fecal Assays and Nutrition

    • Fecal Assays: target tryptase, eosinophile cationic protein, and calprotectin to evaluate gut health.
    • Gluten-Free Diets: used for specific conditions.
    • DRI (Dietary Reference Intake): sets standards for vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients to prevent deficiencies and chronic diseases.

    Tongue Analysis

    • Tongue Coating: depends on accumulation of dampness; pale indicates deficiency.
    • Pulse: deep, slow, and weak indicates Yin deficiency; fast, thin, and weak indicates Yang deficiency.### Herbal Blood Cleansers
    • Burdock, Yellow Dock, Cleavers, Dandelion root, Stinging Nettle tops, and Red Clover are examples of herbs that cleanse the lymphatic, GI, urinary, and skin systems.

    Saponins

    • Saponins are "soap-like" compounds with a steroid or triterpene fat-soluble base joined with a water-soluble sugar molecule.
    • Actions: adaptogen, anti-inflammatory, stimulating expectorant, anticatarrhal, immunomodulator, diuretic, anti-spasmodic, aphrodisiac, antioxidant, emmenagogue, cardiac stimulant, and hormone modulating.
    • Herbal examples: Wild Yam, Licorice, and Ginseng.

    Salicylates

    • Salicylates are a group of simple phenolics that ease pain and reduce inflammation.
    • Actions: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic/febrifuge, and anti-septic.
    • Safety: high doses can be toxic (hearing loss in zinc-deficient people), salicylism, and avoid if allergic.
    • Herbal examples: Cayenne, California Poppy, Cramp Bark, and White Willow.

    Anti-Inflammatory Herbal Examples

    • Modulate inflammation, supporting and balancing cytokines, interleukins, prostaglandins, and leukotriene.
    • Herbal examples: Cayenne, California Poppy, Cramp Bark, and White Willow.
    • Tryptophan (protein) converts to B3.
    • Alkalization of corn releases Niacin (helps with global deficiencies).
    • The 4 Ds of Niacin Deficiency are: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, and Death.
    • Niacin is essential for activation of Vitamin E and glucose metabolism.
    • Dietary sources: Brazil nuts, and grapes.
    • Zinc is essential for fertility, sperm production, and building a healthy skin barrier.
    • Zinc deficiency causes high bad cholesterol and Ischemic Heart Disease.
    • Deficiency symptoms: weakness, blurred vision, and scaly dermatitis.
    • Used topically and internally to promote granular tissue laydown to form scab/eschar sooner.

    Wound Healing Herbal Examples

    • Promote granular tissue laydown to form scab/eschar sooner.
    • Herbal examples: Calendula, Comfrey, and Plantain.

    Bulking Laxatives

    • Mucilage pulls water into the colon to soften and bulk stool.
    • Herbal examples: Aloe gel, Psyllium seed, Flax seed, and Marshmallow root.

    Soothing Expectorant

    • Removes excess mucous from lungs and soothes irritated lung tissue.
    • Helps dry sticky mucous that is difficult to cough up.
    • Relaxes bronchial tissues and loosens mucous.
    • Herbal examples: Plantain, Coltsfoot, and Mullein.

    Coumarins

    • Glycosidic form, vanilla odor; derivatives of hydroxycoumarins, furanocoumarins, and pyranocoumarins.
    • Actions: anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, and edema-modifiers.
    • Safety: anticoagulant effect only after fermentation, photosensitivity rashes.
    • Herbal examples: Horse chestnut and Red clover.

    Flavonoids

    • "Biological response modifiers", carbon skeleton with 2 substituted benzene rings.
    • Found in leaves, fruits, and flowers.
    • Actions: antioxidant, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, vascular tonic, liver-protection, anti-allergic, and anti-viral/cancer.
    • Antioxidant: redox regulators (transfer of electrons), reducing oxidative damage caused by ROS.

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