Nutrition Quiz: RDA Functions and Food Science Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Spring points in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

To tonify fire or heat
To strengthen weak yang or fire
To regulate emotions
To clear excess heat rapidly (correct)

What is the location of the Stream points in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Near or at the elbows and knees
At the fingertips and toes
On the head and neck
Between the wrist and elbow or ankle and knee (correct)

What is the main action of the Yang meridians in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

To balance Yin and Yang
To reduce excess conditions (correct)
To regulate emotions
To tonify deficiencies

What is the characteristic of the Qi flow at the Sea points in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Slower and more directed inward (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of the River points in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Treating cough and asthma (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Source points in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

They contain Original or Yuan-source Qi (A) Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Paracelsus believe in, which suggests that plants contain visible signs of their medicinal properties?

Doctrine of signatures (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the 'Excitation' tissue state?

Cloudy thinking (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the 'active ingredients' of a plant, which can have primary or secondary constituents?

Herbal constituents (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the 'Damp-stagnation' tissue state?

Poor waste excretion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the effect an herb and its constituents have on the body?

Herbal actions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for translating Latin herbal pharmacopeia to English, making it accessible to the poor?

Nicholas Culpeper (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbal examples contains an indole alkaloid?

Passionflower (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of consuming alkaloids?

Toxicity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following effects is NOT associated with alkaloids?

Anti-inflammatory (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which herbal example is a source of a purine alkaloid?

Coffee (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which conditions are alkaloids contraindicated?

Pregnancy and lactation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)?

To estimate the amount of a nutrient that meets the requirements of half of all healthy people (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamins requires a prescription in Ontario if the dose exceeds 1mg?

Folic acid (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of folic acid in the body?

To promote the growth of rapidly dividing cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diets is associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease, while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients?

Mediterranean diet (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why vegetarians and vegans need to supplement with Vitamin B12?

Because it is only found in animal products (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of a deficiency in folic acid during pregnancy?

The development of spina bifida in babies (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of saponins that makes them 'soap-like'?

A steroid or triterpene fat-soluble base joined with a water-soluble sugar molecule (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbal examples is NOT an adaptogen?

Cleavers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of analgesic action of salicylate-containing herbs?

Sodium dependent channel inhibition (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbal examples is NOT a cardiac stimulant?

Cleavers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential side effect of high doses of salicylate-containing herbs in individuals with zinc deficiency?

Hearing loss (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of anti-inflammatory herbs in the body?

Modulating cytokines and interleukins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the glycone unit in phenolic glycosides?

To make the aglycone more water soluble (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consideration for herb-drug interactions in terms of the GI tract?

Changes in the way a substance is absorbed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the toxicity of a herb?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of effects can occur between herbs and drugs?

Both additive and counteracting effects (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for herbal ethics and safety in terms of cultural sensitivity?

Respecting the cultural traditions of the herb (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alkaloids in plants?

To protect against insects and pathogens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Adequate Intake (AI) in nutrient measurement?

To determine the amount of a nutrient eaten by a group of healthy people to promote health (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is necessary for rapidly dividing cells and fetal development during pregnancy?

Folic acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)?

It is the average daily dietary intake that meets the requirements of almost all healthy people (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients requires a prescription in Ontario if the dose exceeds 1mg?

Folic acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)?

To estimate the maximum amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without adverse effects (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cobalt in Vitamin B12?

It gives Vitamin B12 its red color (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Five Elements in TCM?

They represent the cyclical patterns of nature and their interrelationships (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Yin in the context of TCM?

It is associated with the qualities of cold, dark, and feminine energy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary principle of the theory of Yin and Yang?

Yin and Yang are interdependent and constantly interacting principles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Huang Di Nei Jing in TCM?

It is the earliest written record of TCM theory and practice (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Yin deficiency and Yang deficiency in TCM?

Yin deficiency is characterized by hot symptoms, while Yang deficiency is characterized by cold symptoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle of the Four Aspects of Yin and Yang?

Yin and Yang are cyclical and constantly transforming into one another (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbal examples is classified as an astringent, with actions including binding, tightening, and drying?

Meadowsweet (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbal examples is NOT a cholagogue or choleretic?

Milk Thistle (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems is NOT supported by the herbal example Horsechestnut?

Gastrointestinal Tract (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of bitters on the body?

Stimulating the digestive system (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbal examples is NOT classified as an organ-specific remedy for the Kidney?

Plantain (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of a hepatic alterative on the body?

Improving the function of the liver (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of saponins in the body?

Immunomodulator (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbal examples is a source of salicylates?

White Willow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory herbs in the body?

Modulating cytokines and interleukins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of analgesic herbs in the body?

Soothing and relieving pain (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbal examples is an adaptogen?

Ginseng (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk of consuming high doses of salicylate-containing herbs?

Hearing loss (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of pain relief via nociceptor inhibition in myofascial trigger points?

Release of intrinsic hormones from the brain (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary direction of Qi flow in the body according to the Meridian flow theory?

From greater yin to greater yang (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas of the brain is involved in the neurophysiological effects of acupuncture?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of the Yang meridians in the body?

Back and upper body (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Yang areas of the body?

Light, warm, and active (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of the fingertips or corner of the nailbed in acupuncture?

Elimination of pathogenic factors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)?

To prevent nutrient deficiencies and lower the risk of chronic disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of consuming high amounts of trans fats?

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease and high cholesterol (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of socialization while eating?

It promotes mindful eating and improves overall health (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of people globally who are malnourished or at high risk?

20-50% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of implementing proper nutrient plans?

To support patient nutritional status (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of creating public awareness about the costs of chronic illness?

To reduce the economic burden on society (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the tongue in an individual experiencing nervous exhaustion and poor memory?

Dry and narrow (B) Signup and view all the answers

When is the ideal time to harvest aerial parts of a plant?

Spring to late summer, when the herb flowers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended storage method for dried roots?

In an air-tight container in a cool, dark place for up to 2 years (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the pulse in an individual experiencing tension and anxiety?

Wiry and tense (C) Signup and view all the answers

When is the ideal time to harvest roots in herbalism?

Autumn, when the nutrients settle downwards (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the processing method for bark in herbalism?

Strip the bark with a knife, then cut into pieces and dry (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Pantothenic Acid in the body?

Energy Releasing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Insulin in glucose metabolism during resting state?

Required for glucose to bind to cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of LDL lipoprotein?

Fat is more than protein coat (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Apolipoproteins in lipoprotein metabolism?

Act as structural role and guide lipoprotein formation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of imbalance of glucose in the body?

DM, IHD, HTSN, Renal dysfunction / failure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of microbiome in the body?

Regulate inflammation, Cancer prevention, Weight flux (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Biotin in the body?

Energy Releasing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of HDL lipoprotein?

Protein coat is more than fat (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Copper in the body?

Blood building, hemoglobin synthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Proteins in the body?

Growth, development, Hematopoietic function (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a liniment?

To apply herbal constituents directly to the skin for muscular use (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a decoction and an infusion?

Decoction is used for woody herbs, while infusion is used for non-woody herbs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a poultice?

To apply fresh, dried, or powdered herbs directly to the body for skin irritation or muscle pain (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a glycerite?

It is a type of tincture that uses glycerine as a solvent (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a compress?

To apply an infusion or decoction to the skin with a soaked cloth (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a salve?

It is a type of solid product that uses beeswax or a thickener to apply herbal constituents to the skin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the tongue in an individual with Yin deficiency?

Absence of coating, pale (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the emotional response associated with the Metal element in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Sad, grief (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the pulse in an individual with Yin deficiency?

Deep, slow, weak (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction associated with the Metal element in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Contract (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the secretion associated with the Spleen and Stomach organs in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Saliva (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the flavor associated with the Spleen and Stomach organs in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Sweet (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of B3 in the body?

Converting tryptophan into B3 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of zinc in the body?

Required for fertility and sperm production (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of alkalization of corn?

Releases niacin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary dietary source of selenium?

Brazil nuts (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a severe niacin deficiency?

Weakness, blurred vision, and scaly dermatitis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of multiple amino acids in the body?

Synthesizing protein structures (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of tannins on the absorption of other constituents?

Reduce absorption via precipitation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of mucilage?

Forms a gel-like consistency when combined with water (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of demulcents?

Soothe and protect internal tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbs is an example of a vulnerary?

Comfrey (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between water-based and fat-based solutions?

The constituents that are extracted (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of emollients?

Forms a protective barrier on the skin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Coumarins?

Anti-inflammatory (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Flavonoids?

Antimicrobial (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Mucilage in Bulking Laxatives?

To pull water into the colon and soften stool (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of a lack of diversity in the gut microbiome?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of prebiotics in the gut?

To feed good bacteria and promote their growth (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbal examples is classified as a Soothing Expectorant?

Plantain (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of Allantoin in wound healing?

To promote granular tissue laydown and form scab/eschar (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a food intolerance?

A non-immune mediated response to a specific food (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the action of Flavonoids as antioxidant?

They act as H+ donors allowing resonance stabilization (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the low-FODMAP diet?

To exclude FODMAP foods for 6-8 weeks and then reintroduce them (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory herbs in the body?

Inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a dysbiotic gut microbiome?

An imbalance of good and bad bacteria (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of incorporating anti-inflammatory foods into the diet?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of probiotics in the gut?

Reducing inflammation and promoting gut healing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a food allergy?

An immediate allergic response to a specific food (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of incorporating prebiotic-rich foods into the diet?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Shen in the body?

To provide consciousness and mental activities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Spleen in blood metabolism?

To make blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Jin fluids in the body?

Clear and watery, controlled by the Lung (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Liver in blood metabolism?

To store blood Qi (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fluid metabolism in the body?

To separate and purify fluids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between blood and Qi in the body?

Blood is the mother of Qi, providing nutritional substance and Qi is the commander of blood, providing movement (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is essential for activation of Vitamin E?

Tryptophan (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Tryptophan in the body?

Converting to B3 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is a rich source of zinc?

Brazil nuts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Niacin in the body?

Enhancing glucose metabolism (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is associated with a severe deficiency of Niacin?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of multiple amino acids in the body?

Synthesizing protein structures (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Full-Cold pattern in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

an absence of thirst and cold limbs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Wei Qi in the human body?

to protect from exterior attacks (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Qi deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

a pale face and weak voice (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Empty Qi and Empty Yang in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Empty Qi has cold limbs, while Empty Yang has no thirst (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a Floating pulse in Traditional Chinese Medicine?

it is rapid and superficial (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Qi Hua in the human body?

to function the organs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of flavonoids in reducing oxidative damage?

Acting as H+ donors, allowing resonance stabilization (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of coumarins' anti-inflammatory effect?

Modifying edema and promoting anti-inflammatory effects (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of bulking laxatives in the colon?

Pulling water into the colon to soften and bulk stool (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of soothing expectorants on lung tissue?

Relaxing bronchial tissues and loosening mucous (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of allantoin's action?

Promoting granular tissue laydown to form scab/eschar sooner (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of flavonoids' antioxidant effect?

Reducing oxidative damage by transferring electrons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of saponins on the body?

Immunomodulator (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbal examples is NOT a source of saponins?

Cayenne (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of salicylates in the body?

Inhibiting sodium-dependent channels (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbal examples is classified as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic/febrifuge?

Cayenne (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of saponins that makes them 'soap-like'?

Combination of a steroid or triterpene fat-soluble base with a water-soluble sugar molecule (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbal examples is NOT an adaptogen?

Cayenne (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the Huang Di Nei Jing?

The earliest written record of TCM, dating back to ancient China.

What is the Yin-Yang Theory?

A fundamental concept in TCM, it describes how two opposing forces, Yin and Yang, interact and balance each other.

What are the Five Elements in TCM?

Wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Each element has unique characteristics and relationships with others.