Actus Reus and Causation Elements

In legal causation, which case is typically referenced?

According to the 'thin skull rule,' a defendant must take the victim as they find them, except for pre-existing physical weaknesses.

Name the case that exemplifies the application of the 'thin skull rule'.

When medical treatment is considered an intervening act, it can break the chain of causation unless the original injury is still a/an ______ cause.

Match each case with the corresponding principle they illustrate regarding intervening acts:

In what scenario is a defendant typically NOT held liable due to intervening acts?

In 'drug cases,' like R v Kennedy, the supplier of drugs is always responsible for the death of the user, regardless of the user's voluntary act.

In cases, such as R v Malcherek and Steel, under what circumstances may switching off life support not break the chain of causation?

In R v Wallace, the defendant was not held liable because the victim's ______ broke the chain of causation.

Match each type of 'Actus Reus' with its corresponding case example:

Which case is most closely associated with the actus reus of 'state of affairs'?

In cases of omission, a 'contractual duty' to act is sufficient to establish actus reus even without any direct relationship with the victim.

Which case law involves 'relationship' omission to establish actus reus.

R v Stone and Dobinson is a case of omission pertaining to the ______ undertaken voluntarily.

Match the following Cases with the type of Omission that establishes Actus Reus.

Which common law case establishes Actus Reus based on a 'position' of duty?

In R v Miller, the omission to act does not create original danger, it only aggravates an existing situation.

In the context of Actus Reus, which scenario involves an example of establishing Actus Reus when a 'danger' has been created.

A 'conduct crime,' as exemplified by Hill v Baxter, criminalizes the ______, irrespective of its outcome.

Match each scenario with the relevant case concerning Actus Reus.