Active vs. Passive Voice in Wildfires

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary factor that contributed to the spread of the wildfires in the Los Angeles area?

  • An infestation of invasive species, altering the vegetation and creating dry, easily combustible fuel.
  • A series of lightning strikes, igniting dry vegetation and creating multiple fire starts.
  • A surge in population density, which led to increased human activity and potential ignition points.
  • The combination of drought conditions and powerful offshore winds. (correct)

What is the estimated economic loss due to the wildfires?

  • More than $50 billion in insured losses and potentially $100 billion in total economic losses.
  • The article does not mention any specific economic loss estimates.
  • Less than $10 billion in insured losses and potentially $20 billion in total economic losses.
  • Over $20 billion in insured losses and potentially $50 billion in total economic losses. (correct)

How many people were under evacuation orders by Tuesday morning?

  • Close to 200,000
  • Over 250,000
  • Approximately 150,000
  • Around 88,000 (correct)

What agency issued a red flag warning indicating an increased risk for fire danger?

<p>The National Weather Service (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea of the article?

<p>To explain the devastating impact of California wildfires. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of weather conditions were reported in the region during the wildfires?

<p>Powerful offshore winds and dry conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the speaker's intention in sharing the article?

<p>To encourage the audience to learn English through news articles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the speaker's opinion of the impacts of the wildfires?

<p>The speaker focuses on the devastating consequences of the wildfires. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the subject of the active form question 'What caused them?'

<p>Strong winds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would the passive form of the question 'What caused them?' be stated?

<p>What were the fires caused by? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tense is used in the active form statement 'The wildfires have affected 10,000 people'?

<p>Present perfect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What voice is used when asking 'Who is affected?'

<p>Passive voice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In answering 'Who have the wildfires affected?', which tense is used?

<p>Present perfect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be used in the passive form to describe the wildfires in the past?

<p>The wildfires were caused (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the question 'What were the wildfires caused by?' focus on?

<p>The agents causing the fire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the action of the wildfires affecting the population be expressed in passive form?

<p>10,000 people were affected by the wildfires (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when it is stated that the official cause of the fires has not been determined?

<p>There is no current knowledge about what caused the fires. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the phrase 'the official cause of the fires has not been determined' in passive voice?

<p>To emphasize the cause rather than the experts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What combination of factors contributed to the fire weather in Southern California?

<p>Less than 10% rainfall and powerful offshore winds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate when the National Weather Service describes fire weather as 'about as bad as it gets'?

<p>It has reached a severe level of danger. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context is the word 'prompted' used in the discussion?

<p>To signify that something caused another event. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'weather whiplash' refer to?

<p>Sudden changes in weather patterns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'topping' refer to in the context of wind gusts?

<p>Surpassing a reference point. (C), Reaching a maximum speed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the verb 'to grip' used in the context of the discussion?

<p>To describe something dominating attention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might 'drought-like conditions' refer to in Southern California?

<p>Significantly below average rainfall. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'sharp swings' in weather related to California's climate?

<p>Rapid shifts between extreme conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did tight deadlines have on the person's passion in the discussion?

<p>Led to a decrease in passion and increase in stress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gripping' imply when describing a novel?

<p>The novel captivated the reader and was hard to put down. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the term 'red flag warning' relevant in this context?

<p>Denotes an increased risk of fire danger. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What overall effect can the combination of drought and rainfall have on fire dangers?

<p>It creates fluctuating fire danger levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word "dwindled" mean?

<p>To decrease gradually (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the prefix "re" in the word "repopulation"?

<p>To do again (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word "amid" mean in the context of the Fire Zone evacuation?

<p>During (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the word "chaos" used to describe the wildfire situation?

<p>To convey the emotional intensity of destruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the "present perfect" tense in the sentence "The fires have destroyed entire neighborhoods and blocks"?

<p>The destruction is a continuing process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it significant that "insured losses" are described as "exceeding $20 billion"?

<p>To highlight the significant cost of the destruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between "insured losses" and "total economic losses"?

<p>Insured losses are covered by insurance, while total economic losses are not (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does "dwindled" mean in the context of the wedding guests?

<p>Decreased steadily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word "amid" mean in the phrase "amid the chaos"?

<p>During (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a "block" as used in the context of the wildfires?

<p>A group of buildings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of "exceed" in the context of the wildfire losses?

<p>More than (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word "losses" refer to in the context of the wildfire?

<p>The items destroyed or damaged by the fires (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the word "insured" in the context of "insured losses"?

<p>Covered by insurance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "total economic losses" refer to in the context of the wildfire?

<p>The overall financial impact of the wildfire on the entire economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word "amid" usually express?

<p>A background condition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'fueled' imply in "fueled by powerful winds?"

<p>A catalyst for the event. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these sentences uses the word 'fueled' in a positive context?

<p>Her passion for music fueled her desire to become a singer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the word 'ferocious' suggest about the wildfires?

<p>They were intense and violent in their burning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes "she has a ferocious appetite for learning" a positive statement?

<p>It highlights her hunger for learning and its intensity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sentence "My boss erupted in the meeting today" meant to convey?

<p>The boss's sudden outburst of anger in the meeting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase "the fire is roaring" suggest about the fire?

<p>The fire is intense and producing a lot of heat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended meaning of "the number had dwindled" in the context of evacuation orders?

<p>The number of people needing evacuations was decreasing as the fire situation improved. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct pronunciation of the number "200,000"?

<p>Two hundred thousand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the grammar tense used in the phrase "has been roaring"?

<p>Present perfect continuous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase "under evacuation order" mean?

<p>Ordered to leave their homes due to a dangerous situation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase "in evacuation warning zones" imply?

<p>Areas that are at risk of being evacuated due to a potential danger. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's intention when highlighting the number of people under evacuation orders?

<p>To emphasize the scale of the wildfire disaster. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using the phrase 'dwindled' in relation to the number of evacuees?

<p>To highlight the fact that fewer people were in danger as the fire situation improved. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the speaker imply when mentioning the 'Finally Fluent Academy'?

<p>It's a unique opportunity to learn English by studying native speakers from various media. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's main purpose in this excerpt?

<p>To provide a vocabulary lesson focusing on words related to wildfires. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Active Form

The form where the subject performs an action. Example: "Strong winds caused the fire."

Passive Form

The form where the action happens to the object. Example: "The fire was caused by strong winds."

What (Active Form Question)

The question word that asks what caused something. Example: "What caused them?"

What (Passive Form Question)

The question word that asks what something was caused by. Example: "What were the wildfires caused by?"

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Who is affected? (Passive Form)

The question word that asks who was impacted. Example: "Who is affected?"

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Who have... affected? (Active Form)

The question word that asks who was impacted by something. Example: "Who have the wildfires affected?"

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Present Perfect Tense

Describes a completed event with lasting consequences. Example: "The wildfires have affected 10,000 people."

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Lesson PDF

A tool used for summarizing information, typically provided as a downloadable file.

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Dwindle

To decrease or reduce gradually and steadily over time.

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Repopulate

To do something again, particularly to repopulate an area after evacuation.

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Amid

In the middle of or during a specific period or place.

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Block

A group of homes or buildings located in a specific geographic area, typically enclosed by streets.

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Insured losses

The monetary value of the things that have been lost due to an event like a fire, usually covered by insurance.

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Total economic losses

The overall financial impact of an event on the economy.

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To dwindle

To steadily and gradually decrease or reduce in quantity or intensity.

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Chaos

A period marked by chaos, confusion, and negative emotions or situations happening simultaneously.

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To come together

To come together as a group for a common purpose, usually for support or unity.

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To destroy

To destroy completely, leaving nothing remaining.

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Homeless people

A group of people who have been displaced from their homes due to a disaster or other event.

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Fire Zone

A geographical area where a wildfire is actively burning.

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Fire Weather

A severe weather event characterized by high winds, dry conditions, and a significant risk of wildfires.

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Neighborhood

A group of homes or buildings located within a specific neighborhood.

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Drought

The dry conditions in a region, typically caused by low rainfall.

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Losses

The financial loss caused by a specific event, typically a fire.

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Average Rainfall

The amount of rainfall that is typically expected in a specific area.

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Wind Gusts

The strength of winds that can cause wildfires.

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To exceed

To be greater than a particular amount or number.

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Who is Affected?

The impact of environmental events on people and communities.

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Economic Loss

An amount of money estimated as lost due to a disaster or event.

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Evacuation

The act of leaving an area due to a dangerous situation like a wildfire.

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Participle Phrase

A participle phrase is a phrase that acts like an adjective. It is formed by a past participle with any necessary modifiers and complements.

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Fueled by

A verb used in a participle phrase, often indicating a cause, reason, or motivation.

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Ferocious

A word that describes something as very fierce, intense, and potentially violent.

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Erupt

To happen suddenly and violently, often used metaphorically to describe a sudden outburst of anger.

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Roar (fire)

To burn strongly, often used to describe a fire's intensity.

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Evacuation Order

A command to leave a place, usually due to an emergency situation.

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To Fuel

To be used for a specific purpose, often to provide energy or motivation.

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Strong Language

An adjective that describes something as very strong or intense.

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Ferocious Appetite

An intense desire or passion for something.

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Has been roaring

A present perfect continuous verb tense that describes an action that began in the past and continues to the present.

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200,000

A number that includes 100,000 and does not require an 's' at the end.

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Evacuation Warning Zone

An area where people are advised to prepare for a possible evacuation.

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Official Cause Has Not Been Determined

A formal way of saying "we don't know" that emphasizes the lack of knowledge about the cause.

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Passive Voice

A way of describing an event without focusing on who caused it. The action happens to the object.

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Object

The part of a sentence that receives the action. It's what is being acted upon.

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Drought-Like Conditions

Conditions that resemble a drought, characterized by dryness and lack of precipitation.

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Offshore Winds

Strong winds blowing from the ocean towards the land.

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Prompt

To encourage or cause something to happen, often used in the context of events or actions.

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Red Flag Warning

A statement of warning about a potential risk or danger.

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Topping

To reach or exceed a specific value or level.

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Weather Whiplash

A rapid and sudden change in weather conditions, often going from one extreme to another.

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Lurching Between

To swing back and forth between two opposite extremes.

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Extreme Drought

An extreme lack of water, often lasting for a prolonged period.

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Grip

To dominate or control someone's attention or life.

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Gripping Novel

A book or story that is so interesting and engaging that it is difficult to put down.

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Study Notes

Active vs. Passive Voice

  • Active voice: Subject performs the action. Example: "Strong winds caused the fire."
  • Passive voice: Subject receives the action. Example: "The fire was caused by strong winds."
  • Questions can also be active or passive. "What caused the fires?" (active) "What were the fires caused by?" (passive)

Vocabulary: Wildfires

  • Fueled by: Caused by; powered by. Example: "The fires were fueled by strong winds." Can be used in positive contexts.
    • Example: "Fueled by a passion to help others, she became a doctor."
  • Ferocious: Fierce, intense, violent. Example: "A series of ferocious wildfires erupted..." Can also describe a strong desire, "She has a ferocious appetite for learning."
  • Erupted: Happened suddenly and violently. Example: "Wildfires erupted across the Los Angeles area." Can also describe a person becoming very angry suddenly.
  • Roar: To burn strongly. Example: "The fires have been roaring across the Los Angeles area." Can also be used to describe a positive strong fire for warmth.
  • Evacuation orders/warning zones: Orders to leave an area. "200,000 people under evacuation orders..."
  • Dwindled: Decreased steadily and gradually. Example: "The number of people under evacuation orders had dwindled."

Vocabulary: Losses and Damages

  • Insured losses: Losses covered by insurance. Example: "The insured losses from last week's fires may exceed $20 billion."
  • Total economic losses: Losses to the economy as a whole. Example: "Total economic losses could reach $50 billion."
  • Homeless: Without a home. Example: "Leaving an unknown number of people homeless."

Vocabulary and Grammar: Other Words

  • Amid: Between, in the middle of during. Example: "Officials announced limited repopulation for some areas evacuated amid the fire zones." Can also describe a period of time.

  • Prompt: To cause. Example: "Dry conditions and powerful winds prompted fire weather." Can also be used in the active voice.

  • Red flag warning: Notice indicating a higher chance of fire danger.

  • Wind gusts: Stronger bursts of wind. For example: "Wind gusts topping 70 mph were recorded."

  • Weather whiplash: Rapid extreme weather changes. Example: "California has experienced weather whiplash in recent years lurching between drought and heavy rainfall."

  • Estimated Losses: Calculated amounts of economic losses. Example: "$20 billion."

  • Official cause: The established reason. Example: "The official cause of the fires has not been determined."

  • Drought-like conditions: Conditions lacking moisture. Example: "combination of drought-like conditions and powerful offshore winds."

  • Rainfall: Amount of rain. Example: "Southern California has had less than 10% of average rainfall since October 1st."

Numbers and Pronunciation

  • 200,000 people: The correct pronunciation and usage of the plural noun.
  • 20 billion dollars: Correct verbalization of the number.

Additional Information

  • The lesson provides examples of using vocabulary in both active and passive voice to enhance English language skills.
  • Additional information about the Los Angeles fires and associated damage is provided.

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