Active Transport and its Mechanisms

What is directly responsible for the function of carriers in primary active transport?

What is the source of energy for the 'uphill' movement of molecules in secondary active transport?

Which type of transport involves the simultaneous movement of Glucose and Na+ in kidney and intestine lumens?

Primary active transport requires the hydrolysis of ATP for the function of carriers

Secondary active transport obtains energy for 'uphill' movement from the 'downhill' transport of Na into the cell

Example of secondary active transport includes the simultaneous movement of glucose and Na+ in kidney and intestine lumens

What is uniport in transport?

What characterizes symport in transport?

What defines antiport in transport?

What characterizes primary active transport?

In primary active transport, what activates the pump?

What is the role of the transport protein in primary active transport?

Where is the Ca+2 Pump located?

What does the Ca+2 Pump do?

What is one of the functions of the Ca+2 Pump?

Is the Ca+2 Pump located on all cells PM and in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of striated muscle cells?

Does the Ca+2 Pump remove Ca+2 from the cytoplasm by pumping it into the extracellular fluid or cisternae of the ER?

Does the Ca+2 Pump aid in the release of neurotransmitters in neurons and in muscle contraction?

What does the Na+/K+ Pump do?

What is one of the functions of the steep Na and K gradient created by the Na+/K+ Pump?

Where does the Na+/K+ Pump function?

Is the Na+/K+ Pump found in all body cells?

Does the Na+/K+ Pump use ATPase enzyme to pump 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell?

Does the steep gradient of Na and K across the plasma membrane serve to maintain osmolality?

What is the source of indirect energy for the co-transport of Na and glucose in secondary active transport?

What is the primary function of the carrier protein in secondary active transport?

What is required to maintain a lower intracellular concentration of Na in secondary active transport?

Secondary active transport moves Na and glucose from the lumen of the intestine and kidney tubules into the lining epithelial cells

The co-transport of Na and glucose requires a lower intracellular concentration of Na

The co-transport of Na and glucose in secondary active transport depends indirectly on ATP

What is the process that involves the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane for the secretion of large molecules?

What is required for the movement of large molecules like cholesterol into the cell?

What is involved in the process that requires ATP for movement of large molecules?

What causes the unequal distribution of charge across the plasma membrane?

What is the primary factor contributing to the negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside?

What term is used to describe the difference in charge across the plasma membrane?

Is there an unequal distribution of charge across the plasma membrane due to the permeability properties of the plasma membrane?

Does the potential difference make the inside of the cell negative compared to the outside?

Are cellular proteins, phosphate groups of ATP, and other organic molecules negatively charged at the pH of the cell cytoplasm?

What is the primary role of fixed anions within the cell?

Which inorganic cations are mainly influenced by the fixed anions within the cell?

Why are negative ions (anions) fixed within the cell?

Why does K+ accumulate at high concentrations in the cell?

What contributes to the negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside?

What is the intracellular concentration of K+ compared to the extracellular concentration?

K+ accumulates at high concentrations in the cell because the membrane is very permeable to K

The Na+/K+ pumps actively bring in K

The K concentration inside is 150 mEq /L and out is 5 mEq /L

What contributes to the negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside?

What is the primary role of fixed anions within the cell?

Why does K+ accumulate at high concentrations in the cell?

What is the equilibrium potential (E K ) for K+?

What is the equilibrium potential (E K ) for K+?

What does the equilibrium potential (E K ) of K+ indicate?

What characterizes the state of equilibrium for K+?

What determines the resting membrane potential of a cell?

If the plasma membrane were only permeable to Na+, what would be the resting membrane potential?

If the plasma membrane were only permeable to K+, what would be the resting membrane potential?

What contributes to the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a cell?

What is the typical range for the resting potential in most cells?

What happens to the membrane potential when a neuron sends an impulse?

What contributes to the actual resting membrane potential not being as negative as the K equilibrium potential?

What is indicated by the dashed lines in relation to the resting membrane potential?

What results in the resting membrane potential not being as negative as the K equilibrium potential?

What is the primary function of the Na+/K+ pump?

What contributes to the negative intracellular charge maintained by the Na+/K+ pump?

What is the role of the Na+/K+ pump in maintaining the resting potential and concentration differences?

What type of channels does K have?

When do voltage gated K channels open?

What type of channels does Na have?

What happens to the Voltage Gated Na Channels at rest?

What membrane potential depolarization triggers the opening of Voltage Gated Na Channels?

What happens as the membrane potential climbs toward sodium equilibrium potential?

What happens at around 30 mV in voltage gated K channels?

What is the effect of voltage gated K channels opening at around 30 mV?

What is the membrane potential change associated with voltage gated K channels opening?