Active to Passive Voice Conversion

• Transforming active voice questions into passive voice questions involves changing the sentence structure while keeping the original meaning.
• When transforming direct questions from active to passive voice, ensure the meaning of the sentence remains consistent while changing the focus.

Understanding Active and Passive Voice

• Active voice means the subject performs the action, such as, "Who wrote this book?"
• Passive voice means the subject receives the action, such as, "By whom was this book written?"
• Passive voice forms using a form of "to be" + past participle of the main verb.

Steps to Transform Active Questions to Passive Questions

• Identify the verb, subject, and object in the active question.
• Reformulate the sentence so the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
• Utilize the appropriate form of "to be" corresponding to the tense of the active verb.
• Append the past participle of the main verb.
• Include "by" + the subject of the active sentence to show who performed the action; omit if the actor is unknown or unimportant.
• Adjust the word order to form a question.
• Keep the tense consistent between active and passive forms.
• Consider the tense of the active voice question to apply the correct passive voice structure and maintain grammatical accuracy.
• Use appropriate auxiliary verbs and forms of "be" in the passive voice, as well as the past participle of the main verb.

Basic Transformations

• Active: Who painted this picture?
• Passive: By whom was this picture painted?
• Active: Did she write that letter?
• Passive: Was that letter written by her?
• Active: Will they build a new bridge?
• Passive: Will a new bridge be built by them?

Transformations with Auxiliary Verbs

• Active: Has he finished the report?
• Passive: Has the report been finished by him?
• Active: Can you solve this problem?
• Passive: Can this problem be solved by you?
• Active: Should we invite them to the party?
• Passive: Should they be invited to the party by us?

Questions with "Wh-words"

• Active: What did she say?
• Passive: What was said by her?
• Active: Where did they find the money?
• Passive: Where was the money found by them?
• Active: How will they complete the project?
• Passive: How will the project be completed by them?

Questions with Modal Verbs

• Active: Could he have done that?
• Passive: Could that have been done by him?
• Active: Must we follow these rules?
• Passive: Must these rules be followed by us?
• Active: Would you like someone to help you?
• Passive: Would you like to be helped by someone?

Impersonal Passive Questions

• In passive sentences, the "by" phrase is sometimes omitted, especially when the subject is unknown or irrelevant.
• Active: Did someone call the police?
• Passive: Were the police called?
• Active: Will they inform us of the decision?
• Passive: Will we be informed of the decision?
• Active: Should one report this incident?
• Passive: Should this incident be reported?

Special Cases and Considerations

• Questions with intransitive verbs (verbs that don't take an object) cannot be easily transformed into passive voice.
• Example: "Who laughed?" has no direct object
• Questions with reflexive pronouns might require rephrasing to maintain clarity.
• Active: "Did he hurt himself?" can be difficult to convert directly.
• Passive voice can sound awkward, so consider the context.
• The choice between active and passive voice depends on whether the focus is on the actor or the action.
• Passive voice is useful when the actor is unknown, unimportant, or when the goal is to emphasize the action.
• Ensure that the auxiliary verbs are correctly placed to form a coherent question in the passive voice.

Examples with Different Tenses

• Simple Present
• Active: Does she clean the house?
• Passive: Is the house cleaned by her?
• Present Continuous
• Active: Is he writing a letter?
• Passive: Is a letter being written by him?
• Simple Past
• Active: Did they paint the wall?
• Passive: Was the wall painted by them?
• Past Continuous
• Active: Were they building the road?
• Passive: Was the road being built by them?
• Present Perfect
• Active: Has she read the book?
• Passive: Has the book been read by her?
• Past Perfect
• Active: Had they finished the project?
• Passive: Had the project been finished by them?
• Future Simple
• Active: Will he repair the car?
• Passive: Will the car be repaired by him?
• Future Perfect
• Active: Will they have completed the task?
• Passive: Will the task have been completed by them?

Key Considerations for Accurate Transformation

• Keep the original tense of the question.
• Ensure correct subject-verb agreement in the passive form.
• Use the past participle form of the main verb.
• Include "by + agent" when needed for clarity; omit when the agent is unknown or irrelevant.
• Adjust auxiliary verbs to form a grammatically correct question.
• Retain the question format.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Incorrect tense usage in the passive form.
• Forgetting the past participle form of the verb.
• Omitting necessary auxiliary verbs.
• Including "by + agent" when it's unnecessary, making the sentence awkward.
• Changing the question's meaning during transformation.
• Mixing up active and passive voice structures.

Practical Application

• When editing or writing, identify active questions suitable for transformation.
• Consider context to determine if passive voice enhances or detracts from clarity.
• Practice transforming a variety of questions to improve proficiency.
• Use passive voice judiciously to emphasize the action or when the actor is unknown.
• Active voice indicates the subject performs the action, such as, "The dog chased the ball."
• Passive voice indicates the subject receives the action, such as, "The ball was chased by the dog."
• Changing a sentence from active to passive shifts focus from the doer to the receiver.
• Only transitive verbs (those taking a direct object) can be converted from active to passive voice.

Simple Present Tense

• Active: Subject + base form of verb (or -s/-es for third-person singular) + object, such as, "She reads the book."
• Passive: Object + is/are/am + past participle of verb + (by + subject), such as, "The book is read by her."
• Simple Present Tense (主動語態): 主詞 + 動詞原型 (第三人稱單數加 -s/-es) + 受詞 例如: "She reads the book." (她讀這本書)
• Simple Present Tense (被動語態): 受詞 + is/are/am + 動詞的過去分詞 + (by + 主詞) 例如: "The book is read by her." (這本書被她讀)
• Active: Does she read books? (她讀書嗎？) (Tā dúshū ma?)
• Passive: Are books read by her? (書被她讀嗎？) (Shū bèi tā dú ma?)
• Rule: "Does/Do + subject + verb" becomes "Is/Are + object + past participle + by + subject?"

Present Continuous Tense

• Active: Subject + is/are/am + verb-ing + object, such as, "They are building a house."
• Passive: Object + is/are/am + being + past participle of verb + (by + subject), such as, "A house is being built by them."
• Present Continuous Tense (主動語態): 主詞 + is/are/am + 動詞-ing + 受詞 例如: "They are building a house." (他們正在蓋房子)
• Present Continuous Tense (被動語態): 受詞 + is/are/am + being + 動詞的過去分詞 + (by + 主詞) 例如: "A house is being built by them." (房子正在被他們蓋)
• Active: Is he watching the movie? (他正在看電影嗎？) (Tā zhèngzài kàn diànyǐng ma?)
• Passive: Is the movie being watched by him? (電影正在被他看嗎？) (Diànyǐng zhèngzài bèi tā kàn ma?)
• Rule: "Is/Are + subject + verb-ing" becomes "Is/Are + object + being + past participle + by + subject?"

Simple Past Tense

• Active: Subject + past form of verb + object, such as, "He wrote a letter."
• Passive: Object + was/were + past participle of verb + (by + subject), such as, "A letter was written by him."
• Simple Past Tense (主動語態): 主詞 + 動詞過去式 + 受詞 例如: "He wrote a letter." (他寫了一封信)
• Simple Past Tense (被動語態): 受詞 + was/were + 動詞的過去分詞 + (by + 主詞) 例如: "A letter was written by him." (一封信被他寫了)
• Active: Did she write the letter? (她寫了那封信嗎？) (Tā xiěle nà fēng xìn ma?)
• Passive: Was the letter written by her? (那封信是被她寫的嗎？) (Nà fēng xìn shì bèi tā xiě de ma?)
• Rule: "Did + subject + verb" becomes "Was/Were + object + past participle + by + subject?"

Past Continuous Tense

• Active: Subject + was/were + verb-ing + object, such as, "She was painting a picture."
• Passive: Object + was/were + being + past participle of verb + (by + subject), such as, "A picture was being painted by her."
• Past Continuous Tense (主動語態): 主詞 + was/were + 動詞-ing + 受詞 例如: "She was painting a picture." (她當時正在畫一幅畫)
• Past Continuous Tense (被動語態): 受詞 + was/were + being + 動詞的過去分詞 + (by + 主詞) 例如: "A picture was being painted by her." (一幅畫當時正在被她畫)
• Active: Was he painting the house? (他當時在粉刷房子嗎？) (Tā dāngshí zài fěnshuā fángzi ma?)
• Passive: Was the house being painted by him? (房子當時正在被他粉刷嗎？) (Fángzi dāngshí zhèngzài bèi tā fěnshuā ma?)
• Rule: "Was/Were + subject + verb-ing" becomes "Was/Were + object + being + past participle + by + subject?"

Simple Future Tense

• Active: Subject + will + base form of verb + object, such as, "I will clean the room."
• Passive: Object + will be + past participle of verb + (by + subject), such as, "The room will be cleaned by me."
• Simple Future Tense (主動語態): 主詞 + will + 動詞原型 + 受詞 例如: "I will clean the room." (我將要打掃房間)
• Simple Future Tense (被動語態): 受詞 + will be + 動詞的過去分詞 + (by + 主詞) 例如: "The room will be cleaned by me." (房間將要被我打掃)
• Active: Will she bake a cake? (她將烤一個蛋糕嗎？) (Tā jiāng kǎo yīgè dàngāo ma?)
• Passive: Will a cake be baked by her? (一個蛋糕將被她烤嗎？) (Yīgè dàngāo jiāng bèi tā kǎo ma?)
• Rule: "Will + subject + verb" becomes "Will + object + be + past participle + by + subject?"

Future Continuous Tense

• Often doesn't convert to passive voice due to awkward or unclear sentences.
• Future Continuous Tense: 主動語態通常不轉換為被動語態，因為這可能導致句子變得笨拙或不明確。
• The future continuous tense is rarely used in the passive voice for questions because it can sound awkward.
• Active: Will they be building the bridge? (他們將會正在建造橋樑嗎？) (Tāmen jiāng huì zhèngzài jiànzào qiáoliáng ma?)
• Passive: (Less Common) Will the bridge be being built by them? (橋樑將會正在被他們建造嗎？) (Qiáoliáng jiāng huì zhèngzài bèi tāmen jiànzào ma?)
• Rule: "Will + subject + be + verb-ing" becomes "Will + object + be being + past participle + by + subject?"

Present Perfect Tense

• Active: Subject + has/have + past participle of verb + object, such as, "He has finished the work."
• Passive: Object + has/have + been + past participle of verb + (by + subject), such as, "The work has been finished by him."
• Present Perfect Tense (主動語態): 主詞 + has/have + 動詞的過去分詞 + 受詞 例如: "He has finished the work." (他已經完成了工作)
• Present Perfect Tense (被動語態): 受詞 + has/have + been + 動詞的過去分詞 + (by + 主詞) 例如: "The work has been finished by him." (工作已經被他完成了)
• Active: Has she finished the report? (她完成了報告嗎？) (Tā wánchéngle bàogào ma?)
• Passive: Has the report been finished by her? (報告已經被她完成了嗎？) (Bàogào yǐjīng bèi tā wánchéngle ma?)
• Rule: "Has/Have + subject + past participle" becomes "Has/Have + object + been + past participle + by + subject?"

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

• Rarely converts to passive voice due to its complex structure and less common usage.
• Present Perfect Continuous Tense: 由於其複雜的結構和較少的使用，現在完成進行時態很少轉換為被動語態。
• The present perfect continuous tense is rarely used in the passive voice for questions because it can sound awkward.
• Active: Has he been using the computer? (他一直在使用電腦嗎？) (Tā yīzhí zài shǐyòng diànnǎo ma?)
• Passive: (Less Common) Has the computer been being used by him? (電腦有一直在被他使用嗎？) (Diànnǎo yǒu yīzhí zài bèi tā shǐyòng ma?)
• Rule: "Has/Have + subject + been + verb-ing" becomes "Has/Have + object + been being + past participle + by + subject?"

Past Perfect Tense

• Active: Subject + had + past participle of verb + object, such as, "They had eaten the food."
• Passive: Object + had + been + past participle of verb + (by + subject), such as, "The food had been eaten by them."
• Past Perfect Tense (主動語態): 主詞 + had + 動詞的過去分詞 + 受詞 例如: "They had eaten the food." (他們已經吃了食物)
• Past Perfect Tense (被動語態): 受詞 + had + been + 動詞的過去分詞 + (by + 主詞) 例如: "The food had been eaten by them." (食物已經被他們吃了)
• Active: Had she cleaned the house? (她打掃了房子嗎？) (Tā dǎsǎole fángzi ma?)
• Passive: Had the house been cleaned by her? (房子已被她打掃了嗎？) (Fángzi yǐ bèi tā dǎsǎole ma?)
• Rule: "Had + subject + past participle" becomes "Had + object + been + past participle + by + subject?"

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

• Rarely converted to passive voice.
• Past Perfect Continuous Tense: 過去完成進行時態很少轉換為被動語態。
• The past perfect continuous tense is rarely used in the passive voice for questions because it can sound awkward.
• Active: Had he been driving the car? (他一直有在開車嗎？) (Tā yīzhí yǒu zài kāichē ma?)
• Passive: (Less Common) Had the car been being driven by him? (車子一直有被他開嗎？) (Chēzi yīzhí yǒu bèi tā kāi ma?)
• Rule: "Had + subject + been + verb-ing" becomes "Had + object + been being + past participle + by + subject?"

Future Perfect Tense

• Active: Subject + will have + past participle of verb + object e.g., "She will have completed the project."
• Passive: Object + will have been + past participle of verb + (by + subject) e.g., "The project will have been completed by her."
• Future Perfect Tense (主動語態): 主詞 + will have + 動詞的過去分詞 + 受詞 例如: "She will have completed the project." (她將已經完成了這個專案)
• Future Perfect Tense (被動語態): 受詞 + will have been + 動詞的過去分詞 + (by + 主詞) 例如: "The project will have been completed by her." (這個專案將已經被她完成了)
• Active: Will she have sent the package? (她將會寄出包裹嗎？) (Tā jiāng huì jì chū bāoguǒ ma?)
• Passive: Will the package have been sent by her? (包裹將會被她寄出嗎？) (Bāoguǒ jiāng huì bèi tā jì chū ma?)
• Rule: "Will + subject + have + past participle" becomes "Will + object + have been + past participle + by + subject?"

Modals (can, should, must, etc.)

• Active: Subject + modal + base form of verb + object, such as, "You should read this book."
• Passive: Object + modal + be + past participle of verb + (by + subject), such as, "This book should be read by you."
• Modals (主動語態): 主詞 + 情態動詞 + 動詞原型 + 受詞 例如: "You should read this book." (你應該讀這本書)
• Modals (被動語態): 受詞 + 情態動詞 + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + (by + 主詞) 例如: "This book should be read by you." (這本書應該被你讀)
• Active: Can she sing the song? (她能唱這首歌嗎？) (Tā néng chàng zhè shǒu gē ma?)
• Passive: Can the song be sung by her? (這首歌能被她唱嗎？) (Zhè shǒu gē néng bèi tā chàng ma?)
• Rule: "Modal + subject + verb" becomes "Modal + object + be + past participle + by + subject?"
• Active: Should he clean the room? (他應該打掃房間嗎？) (Tā yīnggāi dǎsǎo fángjiān ma?)
• Passive: Should the room be cleaned by him? (房間應該被他打掃嗎？) (Fángjiān yīnggāi bèi tā dǎsǎo ma?)
• Active: Must they finish the project? (他們必須完成專案嗎？) (Tāmen bìxū wánchéng zhuān'àn ma?)
• Passive: Must the project be finished by them? (專案必須被他們完成嗎？) (Zhuān'àn bìxū bèi tāmen wánchéng ma?)

Past Modals (could, should have, had to, etc.)

• Active: Subject + past modal + have + past participle of verb + object, such as, "You should have finished the report."
• Passive: Object + past modal + have been + past participle of verb + (by + subject), such as, "The report should have been finished by you."
• Past Modals (主動語態): 主詞 + 過去情態動詞 + have + 動詞的過去分詞 + 受詞 例如: "You should have finished the report." (你本應該完成報告)
• Past Modals (被動語態): 受詞 + 過去情態動詞 + have been + 動詞的過去分詞 + (by + 主詞) 例如: "The report should have been finished by you." (報告本應該被你完成)
• Active: Could she have done that? (她可能做了那件事嗎？) (Tā kěnéng zuòle nà jiàn shì ma?)
• Passive: Could that have been done by her? (那件事可能被她做了嗎？) (Nà jiàn shì kěnéng bèi tā zuòle ma?)
• Rule: "Modal + have + subject + past participle" becomes "Modal + have + object + been + past participle + by + subject?"
• Active: Should he have cleaned the room? (他應該打掃了房間嗎？) (Tā yīnggāi dǎsǎole fángjiān ma?)
• Passive: Should the room have been cleaned by him? (房間應該被他打掃了嗎？) (Fángjiān yīnggāi bèi tā dǎsǎole ma?)
• Active: Had she had to submit the report? (她是否不得不提交報告？) (Tā shìfǒu bùdébù tíjiāo bàogào?)
• Passive: Had the report had to be submitted by her? (報告是否不得不被她提交？) (Bàogào shìfǒu bùdébù bèi tā tíjiāo?)
• In sentences with 'had to', the passive construction can sometimes sound awkward.

Important Considerations

• The agent (the "by" phrase) can be omitted if unknown, unimportant, or obvious.
• Overuse of the passive voice can make writing dull or unclear.
• 重點注意事項：
  • 如果行為者（“by” 短語）是未知的、不重要的或顯而易見的，則可以在被動語態句子中省略。
  • 使用被動語態並不總是更好。 過度使用會使您的寫作變得沉悶或不清楚。

Learn to convert sentences between active and passive voice. This involves identifying sentence elements and reforming the verb. Covers basic principles and simple present tense transformations.