Filipino

Learning Objectives

• Learners are projected to learn the definition of a verb.
• They should learn to define the proper aspects and focus of verbs.
• They should learn how to use the different aspect and focus of verbs in sentences.

Verb Goals

• Learners should use both aspects and the focus of verbs (actor, object, location, recipient, instrument, cause, direction) correctly in different scenarios.

Introduction

• Reading stories and fables introduces readers to familiar and new words, expanding vocabulary and familiarity with parts of speech like nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs.
• These words enhance stories through colorful descriptions and action expressions.
• It is important to recognize the different aspects and focus of the verb.

Starting

• Listed materials include; notebooks, and pens

Directions

• Use the table to list five action words and use them in sentences.
• Answer the guiding questions related to the activity.

Table 1: Action Words

• There is a table where you can include 5 Sentences which use action words (verbs)

Guide Questions

• Where did your knowledge of the words you listed come from?
• Was it easy for you to use these words in sentences?
• In your opinion, what is the importance of action words in sentences?

Important Questions

• What is the role of the verb in the sentence? What are the different aspects of the verb? What is the focus of the verb? - Why is it important to correctly identify the focus of the verb?

Know This

• Katatapos refers to an action that has just finished
• Subject refers to the one being talked about in the sentence.

Perfect Completion

• Refers to actions that have just been completed. It means that the action has not been done for long. The first syllable of the root word of the verb is always repeated, and it is affixed with the prefix "ka-."
• Example:
• Pawatas Form: kain
• Perfective Aspect: kakakain

Imperfect

• This refers to actions that are currently being done. It is also called the present aspect. Example:
  • Pawatas Form: kain
  • Imperfective Aspect: kumakain

Contemplative

• The verb or action is yet to be done or has not yet started. It is also called the future aspect. Example:
  • Pawatas Form: kain
  • Contemplative Aspect: kakain

Lunan

• Place or Location

The Verb

• The verb is a part of speech that refers to words that express action or movement.
• It can state actions that have happened, are happening, and will happen, such as climbing, planting, tasting, eating, and bathing.

Verb Aspect

• Verb aspect refers to the characteristic of the verb that states the time or period when the action occurred.
• It can be actions that have happened, are happening, and will happen. The verb has four aspects: perfective, perfective-recent, imperfective, and contemplated.

Perfective

• It is a verb that has been completed or happened. It is also called the past aspect.
• Example:
• Pawatas Form: kain
• Perfective Aspect: kumain

Verb Focus

• The focus of the verb refers to the relationship or connection between the verb and the subject or topic of a sentence.
• It can be seen and described through the affixes attached to the verbs.
• Verbs have different focuses depending on the changes and variations of the subject or topic of the sentence.

Focus On Actor

• The subject or topic of the sentence is the doer of the verb's action.
• It is usually used with the affixes -um-, mag/nag-, mang-, maka-, and makapag-.
• Answers the question "Who?" For Instance:
  • Ana cooked a delicious dish.
  • Kate went home early last night.
• The subject or topic is Si Ana, who did the cooking in the first sentence.
• In the second sentence, the verb is went home and the subject or topic is Si Kate who acted as the doer.

Focus on the Object

• The object (direct object) or a thing is the subject or topic of the sentence.
• The verbs in this focus use the affixes -in-, i-, ipa-, and -an. Answers the question "What?" For example:
  • People discussed the chaos on the street.
  • Rey ate the leftover food from this morning.
• Notice in the first sentence the verb is Discussed and what is referred to in this verb is the subject or topic which is the chaos.
• In the second sentence is the verb eaten used and what is being referred to by this action is the leftover dish.

Focus on Receiver

• The person or thing that benefited or received the result of the verb's action is the subject or topic of the sentence.
• The affixes i-, ipang-, and ipag- are used in the verb.
• It answers the question "For whom or for what is the action done?" For Example:
  • Ina cooked her favorite dish for the youngest child.
  • Rosa bought her mother flowers.
• In the first sentence, the verb used is Cooked for and the recipient of the action is the subject or topic, the youngest child.
• It used verbal I bought and the intended for in action is the Kilos the subject.

Focus on Instrumental

• The thing or tool used to carry out the action is the subject or topic of the sentence.
• The focus is prefixed with the prefix pina-. It answers the questions "With what, what was used, using what?" For example:
  • Ana used the money given by her mother to buy bread at the bakery.
  • Mother used the new pot to cook a delicious dish.
• The equipment used in the simuno or topic is in the first sentence and the verb is spent in implementing action or money.
• In another case is shown in the second sentence where the simuno or topic is in the is addressed by the new pot with the verb being used cooking.

Focus on the Reason

• The cause or reason why the action was carried out is the subject or topic of the sentence.
• It is often used with the affixes i-, ika-, and ikapang-. It answers the question "Why?" For example:
  • We were pleased with the trip to the mall yesterday.
  • Rey resented Jade's teasing.
• It is obvious in the first sentence, the reason why that the action happened Ikinatuwa is due to the simuno or subject that.

Focus On Location

• Focus is on the location or place where the action of the verb.
• This focus is answering the question location or saan, and uses the prefixes pag-…-an, mapag-…-an, at pang-…-an. For example:
  • The birthday was celebrated in the big hall.
  • They sold food at the new store.

Focus on Direction

• The direction of the verb's action is the subject or topic of the sentence.
• The suffix -ah/-han is used in this focus. It answers the question "Towards whom or to whom?" For example:
  • Jade placed her bag on top of the table.
  • They planted plants in the back of the house.

Keep In Mind

• A Verb is the part of speech with action or movement.
• The verb aspect can be characterized as to when it happened.
• 4 Aspects: Perfective, Perfective recently completed, Imperfective and contemplative.
• Verb focus relates verb to simuno in sentence.